Qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde, bem-estar psicológico e sintomatologia depressiva em adolescentes do Ensino Secundário do interior norte de Portugal
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2014
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Introdução: Na adolescência ocorrem diversos desafios sociais e emocionais para o adolescente, sendo uma etapa de transições, lutas, crises e ambivalências que fazem parte da adaptação normal do desenvolvimento e que nem sempre são ultrapassadas da melhor forma. Neste enquadramento, os objetivos do estudo que realizamos consistiam em: i) Descrever as características da amostra; ii) Avaliar a QVRS dos alunos do ensino secundário; iii) avaliar o bem-estar psicológico dos alunos do ensino secundário; iv) avaliar a presença de sintomatologia depressiva nos alunos do ensino secundário; v) analisar a relação entre a QVRS e as variáveis sociodemográficas dos alunos do ensino secundário; vi) Analisar a relação entre a QVRS, o bem-estar psicológico e a sintomatologia depressiva dos alunos do ensino secundário.
Metodologia: Realizamos um estudo descritivo e correlacional, transversal, de abordagem quantitativa. O método utilizado para a recolha de dados foi o questionário, que inclui a escala KIDSCREEN-52 para avaliação da qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde (QVRS), a escala de bem-estar psicológico reduzida para avaliar o bem-estar psicológico e a escala CES-D para avaliar a presença de sintomatologia depressiva. Os questionários foram aplicados aos alunos do ensino secundário, do ensino regular, em cinco escolas públicas da região interior norte de Portugal, no período de abril a maio de 2013. Para o tratamento de dados foi utilizado o programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), versão 20.1.
Resultados: A amostra do estudo ficou constituída por 575 alunos do ensino secundário, 306 do género masculino e 269 do género feminino, provenientes do 10º ano (211 alunos), do 11º ano (200 alunos) e do 12º ano (164 alunos), com média de idade de 16,6 anos. No geral, os alunos da amostra e de acordo com as dimensões da escala KIDSCREEN-52 apresentam QVRS bastante positiva, em especial nas dimensões: provocação; questões económicas; família, ambiente familiar e vizinhança, verificando-se a média mais baixa na dimensão saúde e atividade física. A QVRS não variou entre o 10º e o 12ºanos de escolaridade na maioria das dimensões. Verificou-se que existia bem-estar psicológico positivo nos alunos adolescentes sem diferenças estaticamente significativas mediante o ano de escolaridade frequentado e que os alunos do género masculino manifestaram melhor bem-estar. No que diz respeito à sintomatologia depressiva, os alunos que participaram no estudo apresentaram uma média situada no valor de corte (m=16,1), o que indica que na generalidade existe a tendência para que os alunos apresentem sintomatologia depressiva, sendo a média mais elevada, no género masculino. Quanto à correlação das dimensões da QVRS com o bem-estar psicológico e a sintomatologia depressiva, verificou-se que todas as dimensões da QVRS apresentavam associações moderadas e fortes. A correlação entre a QVRS e o bem-estar psicológico foi positiva, indicando que quanto maior for a QVRS maior era o bem-estar psicológico. A correlação entre a QVRS e a presença
de sintomatologia depressiva é igualmente moderada e forte, no entanto, a correlação é negativa, verificando-se que à medida que aumenta a pontuação no que se relaciona com a QVRS, diminui a presença de sintomatologia depressiva. Constata-se também que existe uma associação forte e negativa entre o bem-estar psicológico e a sintomatologia depressiva, indicando que quanto maior o bem-estar psicológico menor será a presença de sintomatologia depressiva.
Conclusão: Este estudo permitiu um conhecimento mais aprofundado desta problemática nos alunos do ensino secundário desta região. Deste modo irá contribuir para que os enfermeiros especialistas em enfermagem comunitária disponham de informação objetiva sobre a autopercecão dos alunos adolescentes do ensino secundário sobre a QVRS, o bem-estar psicológico e a sintomatologia depressiva, de modo a sustentar as estratégias de prevenção e intervenção mais adequadas em contexto escolar.
Introduction: Adolescence is a stage marked by various social and emotional challenges for the teenager. It is a stage of transitions, struggles, crises and ambivalence as a normal adaptation to development, but which is not always overcome in the best possible way. Within this framework, the objectives of our study included: i) To describe the characteristics of the sample; ii) To evaluate the QVRS of secondary school students; iii) To evaluate the psychological well-being of secondary school students; iv) To assess the presence of symptoms of depression among secondary school students; v) To determine the relationship between the QVRS and the socio-demographic variables of secondary school students; vi) To determine the relationship between the QVRS, the psychological well-being and the symptoms of depression found among secondary school students. Methodology: The study carried out was transversal, descriptive and correlational, with a quantitative approach. The method used for data gathering was the questionnaire, which included the KIDSCREEN-52 scale to evaluate the quality of life in terms of health (QVRS), the reduced psychological well-being scale to evaluate psychological well-being and the CES-D scale to evaluate the presence of symptoms of depression. The questionnaires were given to secondary school students in five public schools in the interior of the north of Portugal, between April and May 2013. The data treatment was done with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 20.1. Results: The sample in this study was formed by 575 secondary school students, 306 male students and 269 female, from the 10th grade (211students), 11th grade (200 students) and 12th grade (164 students), with an average age of 16,6. In general, according to the scale dimensions of KIDSCREEN-52, the students in the sample had a very positive QVRS, especially in the following dimensions: provocation; financial resources; family, family life and neighborhood, while the lowest dimension was health and physical activity. The QVRS did not vary between the 10th and 12th grades in most dimensions. There was positive psychological well-being among the teenage students, without there being any significant statistical differences in terms of their school year. Male students showed a higher well-being though. In terms of symptoms of depression, the students participating in the study showed an average at the cut-off value (m=16,1), indicating that there is a general tendency for students to show symptoms of depression, with male students having a higher average. Concerning the correlation of the QVRS dimensions with psychological well-being and symptoms of depression, all the QVRS dimensions had moderate and strong associations. The correlation between the QVRS and psychological well-being was positive, indicating that the higher the QVRS, the higher the psychological well-being. The correlation between the QVRS and the presence of symptoms of depression is equally moderate and strong, but the correlation is negative. As the points increase in terms of the QVRS, the presence of symptoms of depression decreases. There is also a strong negative association between psychological well-being and symptoms of depression, indicating that the higher the psychological well-being, the lower the presence of symptoms of depression. Conclusion: This study allowed for a deeper understanding of the problems faced by secondary school students in this region. By providing specialist nurses working in community nursing with objective information concerning the self-perception of teenage students in secondary school about the QVRS, their psychological well-being and symptoms of depression, it will allow them to have a better understanding in order to carry out more adequate prevention strategies at schools.
Introduction: Adolescence is a stage marked by various social and emotional challenges for the teenager. It is a stage of transitions, struggles, crises and ambivalence as a normal adaptation to development, but which is not always overcome in the best possible way. Within this framework, the objectives of our study included: i) To describe the characteristics of the sample; ii) To evaluate the QVRS of secondary school students; iii) To evaluate the psychological well-being of secondary school students; iv) To assess the presence of symptoms of depression among secondary school students; v) To determine the relationship between the QVRS and the socio-demographic variables of secondary school students; vi) To determine the relationship between the QVRS, the psychological well-being and the symptoms of depression found among secondary school students. Methodology: The study carried out was transversal, descriptive and correlational, with a quantitative approach. The method used for data gathering was the questionnaire, which included the KIDSCREEN-52 scale to evaluate the quality of life in terms of health (QVRS), the reduced psychological well-being scale to evaluate psychological well-being and the CES-D scale to evaluate the presence of symptoms of depression. The questionnaires were given to secondary school students in five public schools in the interior of the north of Portugal, between April and May 2013. The data treatment was done with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 20.1. Results: The sample in this study was formed by 575 secondary school students, 306 male students and 269 female, from the 10th grade (211students), 11th grade (200 students) and 12th grade (164 students), with an average age of 16,6. In general, according to the scale dimensions of KIDSCREEN-52, the students in the sample had a very positive QVRS, especially in the following dimensions: provocation; financial resources; family, family life and neighborhood, while the lowest dimension was health and physical activity. The QVRS did not vary between the 10th and 12th grades in most dimensions. There was positive psychological well-being among the teenage students, without there being any significant statistical differences in terms of their school year. Male students showed a higher well-being though. In terms of symptoms of depression, the students participating in the study showed an average at the cut-off value (m=16,1), indicating that there is a general tendency for students to show symptoms of depression, with male students having a higher average. Concerning the correlation of the QVRS dimensions with psychological well-being and symptoms of depression, all the QVRS dimensions had moderate and strong associations. The correlation between the QVRS and psychological well-being was positive, indicating that the higher the QVRS, the higher the psychological well-being. The correlation between the QVRS and the presence of symptoms of depression is equally moderate and strong, but the correlation is negative. As the points increase in terms of the QVRS, the presence of symptoms of depression decreases. There is also a strong negative association between psychological well-being and symptoms of depression, indicating that the higher the psychological well-being, the lower the presence of symptoms of depression. Conclusion: This study allowed for a deeper understanding of the problems faced by secondary school students in this region. By providing specialist nurses working in community nursing with objective information concerning the self-perception of teenage students in secondary school about the QVRS, their psychological well-being and symptoms of depression, it will allow them to have a better understanding in order to carry out more adequate prevention strategies at schools.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Enfermagem Comunitária
Palavras-chave
Enfermagem em saúde comunitária , Saúde do adolescente , Adolescente , Qualidade de vida , Depressão