Jogos reduzidos/condicionados na aquisição da cultura tática de futebol nos jovens do desporto escolar
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2016-06-03
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A incongruência entre as caraterísticas dos modelos de ensino tradicionais e as teorias
mais recentes do ensino e da aprendizagem tem impulsionado investigadores e treinadores
desportivos a desenvolver novos modelos de ensino, dos quais se destacam:
SportEducation, Teaching Games for Understanding, Modelo de Competência nos Jogos de
Invasão, Escola da Bola e Play Practice.
A disseminação extensiva destes modelos de ensino ainda está longe de se verificar
tanto nas escolas como nos clubes. No entanto, para que as ideias inovadoras dos modelos
se afirmem, muitos caminhos há ainda a percorrer. Um deles parece ser a combinação de
modelos e o alargamento do seu campo de aplicação à variedade de jogos desportivos.
Procurando dar resposta á extrema complexidade que o “Jogar” encerra, emergiu uma nova
realidade metodológica para o fenómeno em consideração, denominando – se de jogos
reduzidos/condicionados, que parece ganhar cada vez mais relevo entre os que se
encontram diretamente ligados com futebol. Estamos convictos que o processo de
ensino/treino deve assentar nas premissas fundamentais dos jogos
reduzidos/condicionados, emergindo como um todo irredutível a soma das partes e como
fator globalizante de todas as suas dimensões e rentabilização máxima do processo de
ensino/treino do futebol. Com este trabalho, baseando- se no método de ensino/treino do
futebol através dos jogos/reduzidos condicionados, procuramos conhecer esta realidade em
que consistem, como podem ser utilizados, com que objetivos. Traçando assim estas ideias
como objetivos, assim como se serão efetivamente usados e com que finalidade. Para a
pesquisa bibliográfica incidimos sobretudo sobre livros técnicos e específicos da
modalidade. Para a metodologia de investigação optamos pela aplicação de um inquérito a
professores de Educação Física, podendo ou não estar diretamente ligados ao Desporto
Escolar. Perante os resultados obtidos conclui-se que grande percentagem dos inquiridos
utiliza este tipo de jogos com três finalidades principais, rentabilizar o espaço disponível,
proporcionar aos alunos atletas situações que provoquem conhecimentos de ordem técnica
e tática, aumentar o contacto dos alunos com a bola.
The incongruence between the characteristics of traditional teaching methods and more recent theories of teaching and learning, has impulsionated sport researchers and trainers, to develop new teaching models, such as: SportEducation, Teaching Games for Understanding, Competence Model in Invasion Games, School Ball and Play Practice. The extensive dissemination of these teaching models is far of being verified in schools and clubs. However, in order to affirm models with innovative ideas, we still have a long way to run. One of the ways might be the combination between the enlargement of its field of application to the variety of sport games. Seeking for answers to the exteme complexity of what the “Game” means, a new methodological reality appears, with conditionated/reduced games, gaining space among games directly connected with football. Therefore, we believe, that the teaching/training process must be connected with reduced/ conditionated games, emerging as an unchanging whole, and as a global factor in its all dimensions and maximum improvement in the football process of teaching/training. With this work based in the football method of teaching/training through the reduced/conditonated games, we seek to know this reality, in which consists, as can be used and with which objectives. Having this ideas as objectives, as well as how effectively they will be used and with which purpose. As bibliographic research, we focused in technical and specific books of this modality. For methodology of research we choose the application of an inquiry to Physical Education teachers, being or not connected to School Sport. With these results the conclusion is – great part of participants, uses, this type of games with three aims, maximize the given área, give students athletes situations bringing technical and tactic knowledge and rise the students contact with ball.
The incongruence between the characteristics of traditional teaching methods and more recent theories of teaching and learning, has impulsionated sport researchers and trainers, to develop new teaching models, such as: SportEducation, Teaching Games for Understanding, Competence Model in Invasion Games, School Ball and Play Practice. The extensive dissemination of these teaching models is far of being verified in schools and clubs. However, in order to affirm models with innovative ideas, we still have a long way to run. One of the ways might be the combination between the enlargement of its field of application to the variety of sport games. Seeking for answers to the exteme complexity of what the “Game” means, a new methodological reality appears, with conditionated/reduced games, gaining space among games directly connected with football. Therefore, we believe, that the teaching/training process must be connected with reduced/ conditionated games, emerging as an unchanging whole, and as a global factor in its all dimensions and maximum improvement in the football process of teaching/training. With this work based in the football method of teaching/training through the reduced/conditonated games, we seek to know this reality, in which consists, as can be used and with which objectives. Having this ideas as objectives, as well as how effectively they will be used and with which purpose. As bibliographic research, we focused in technical and specific books of this modality. For methodology of research we choose the application of an inquiry to Physical Education teachers, being or not connected to School Sport. With these results the conclusion is – great part of participants, uses, this type of games with three aims, maximize the given área, give students athletes situations bringing technical and tactic knowledge and rise the students contact with ball.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Ensino de Educação Física, nos Ensinos Básico e Secundário
Palavras-chave
Futebol , Tática , Desporto escolar