Análise da equipa de voleibol de alto nível em função da posição do distribuidor e da rotação regulamentar
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2016-06-23
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A presente dissertação teve como objetivo estudar a performance desportiva no Voleibol sénior masculino, a partir da análise do jogo. Para o efeito, foi realizado um artigo de revisão sistemática e quatro artigos empíricos. A revisão sistemática realizada revela que os 34 estudos realizados são de dois tipos de naturezas, preditivos e comparativos, sendo o software de observação e recolha de dados mais utilizado o Data Volley. No entanto, em ambos os casos os estudos são compilados nas mesmas linhas de pesquisa: ações de jogo e sua relação com o sucesso; fase de jogo e posição do jogador. Conclui-se também que há uma tendência das pesquisas mais recentes serem de natureza preditiva. Para o tratamento estatístico dos 4 estudos empíricos procedeu-se à análise da função discriminante no sentido de identificar, através dos coeficientes canónicos estruturantes, os indicadores que mais contribuem para estabelecer a diferença máxima entre as vitórias e as derrotas. As amostras dos estudos são baseadas em jogos das principais competições de seleções nacionais, de seniores masculinos (estudo 1 e 2 n=24 jogos; estudo 3 e 4 n=49 jogos). No primeiro estudo empírico o objetivo foi identificar as ações do jogo que discriminam em função da vitória. Os resultados sugerem que o serviço ponto, a receção erro e o bloco erro foram variáveis discriminantes que identificaram o resultado final do jogo (vitória/derrota), sendo que o serviço ponto é a variável com maior probabilidade de estar relacionada com a vitória no jogo. No segundo estudo objetivou-se analisar e perceber o que acontece quando o distribuidor está na zona de ataque (Zona 4, 3 e 2), identificando as ações de jogo que melhor discriminam a favor da vitória ou da derrota. Este estudo revelou que o serviço ponto, o serviço erro, o passe excelente, o passe erro, o ataque erro, a defesa excelente e o side-out erro foram variáveis discriminantes que identificaram o resultado final (vitória/derrota) quando o distribuidor está na zona de ataque. O terceiro estudo foi realizado com o intuito de analisar e perceber quais são as ações de jogo que estarão adstritas ao sucesso ou insucesso, quando o distribuidor está na zona de defesa (Zona 1, 6 e 5). Os resultados revelaram que as variáveis receção erro, contra ataque ponto, passe erro e ataque ponto foram variáveis discriminantes que podem influenciar o resultado final do jogo (vitória/derrota), quando o distribuidor se localiza na zona de defesa. O quarto estudo empírico teve como objetivo analisar a performance das seis rotações regulamentares do jogo de Voleibol e identificar as rotações que mais contribuem para a vitória. Os resultados revelaram que todas as rotações podem contribuir para que o desempenho global da equipa seja equilibrado. No que concerne ao coeficiente médio entre pontos ganhos e perdidos por rotação, as rotações P1, P6 e P2 foram as que apresentaram valores estatisticamente relevantes, o que nos permite concluir que estas rotações poderão estar relacionadas com a vitória. O presente estudo proporciona, a partir de análise de jogo, conhecimento que permitirá fornecer contribuições cientificamente fundamentadas para o estudo da performance no Voleibol, considerando a localização do distribuidor, fator determinante, a fim de aprimorar a qualidade do processo de treino e por inerência as prestações na competição.
This dissertation aims to study the sports performance in adult male Volleyball based on match analysis. To achieve this goal, an article of systematic review and four empirical articles were written. This systematic review shows that the 34 studies included are of two types of nature, predictive and comparative, and Data Volley being the observation and data collection software more frequently used. The trend shows that the latest research is of predictive nature. Although the research is based on two types of studies, predictive and comparative, it is possible to infer that both comply with the same research lines: skills and their relation to success; match phase and player position. In the data analysis of the four empirical studies the discriminating function was used in order to identify, throughout canonical structuring coefficient, the indicators which contributed the most to establish the maximum difference between the victories and defeats. The study samples were based on adult men’s national teams’ matches in main competitions events (study 1 and 2 n=24 games; study 3 and 4 n=49 games). The first empirical study was conducted to identify which skills are discriminant in favour of victory. Results suggest that service points, reception errors, and blocking errors were the discriminating variables that identify the final outcome of the match (victory/defeat). Moreover, successful service points were the major variable most likely associated with match success (victory). The goal of the second study focused on analysing and understanding what happens when the setter is in the attack zone (Zones 4, 3 and 2), identifying the skills that best signpost victory or defeat. This study revealed that the service point, service error, excellent set, set error, attack error, excellent dig, and side-out error were indicative variables of the match’s final outcome (victory/defeat) when the setter was in the attack zone. The third study was conducted in order to determine which match skills (discrimination skills) are related to a team’s success or failure when the setter is in the defence zone (zones 1, 6 and 5). Results revealed that reception error, counter attack point, set error and attack point were discriminating variables that can identify the final outcome of the match (victory/defeat). The fourth study aimed at analysing the performance of the six volleyball regulatory rotations and identifying which rotation is the most influential on the final result of the game (victory or defeat). Results revealed that all the rotations may contribute for a global balanced performance of the team. Regarding the average point rotation difference, rotations P1, P6 and P2 were the ones that presented statistically more relevant values. Thus, we may affirm that they have influence on the victory. The present study provides, from match analysis, knowledge that would provide scientifically founded contributions for the study of performance in Volleyball considering the setter’s position, crucial factor in increasing the quality of the training process and ultimately the performance in competition.
This dissertation aims to study the sports performance in adult male Volleyball based on match analysis. To achieve this goal, an article of systematic review and four empirical articles were written. This systematic review shows that the 34 studies included are of two types of nature, predictive and comparative, and Data Volley being the observation and data collection software more frequently used. The trend shows that the latest research is of predictive nature. Although the research is based on two types of studies, predictive and comparative, it is possible to infer that both comply with the same research lines: skills and their relation to success; match phase and player position. In the data analysis of the four empirical studies the discriminating function was used in order to identify, throughout canonical structuring coefficient, the indicators which contributed the most to establish the maximum difference between the victories and defeats. The study samples were based on adult men’s national teams’ matches in main competitions events (study 1 and 2 n=24 games; study 3 and 4 n=49 games). The first empirical study was conducted to identify which skills are discriminant in favour of victory. Results suggest that service points, reception errors, and blocking errors were the discriminating variables that identify the final outcome of the match (victory/defeat). Moreover, successful service points were the major variable most likely associated with match success (victory). The goal of the second study focused on analysing and understanding what happens when the setter is in the attack zone (Zones 4, 3 and 2), identifying the skills that best signpost victory or defeat. This study revealed that the service point, service error, excellent set, set error, attack error, excellent dig, and side-out error were indicative variables of the match’s final outcome (victory/defeat) when the setter was in the attack zone. The third study was conducted in order to determine which match skills (discrimination skills) are related to a team’s success or failure when the setter is in the defence zone (zones 1, 6 and 5). Results revealed that reception error, counter attack point, set error and attack point were discriminating variables that can identify the final outcome of the match (victory/defeat). The fourth study aimed at analysing the performance of the six volleyball regulatory rotations and identifying which rotation is the most influential on the final result of the game (victory or defeat). Results revealed that all the rotations may contribute for a global balanced performance of the team. Regarding the average point rotation difference, rotations P1, P6 and P2 were the ones that presented statistically more relevant values. Thus, we may affirm that they have influence on the victory. The present study provides, from match analysis, knowledge that would provide scientifically founded contributions for the study of performance in Volleyball considering the setter’s position, crucial factor in increasing the quality of the training process and ultimately the performance in competition.
Descrição
Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências do Desporto
Palavras-chave
Voleibol , Análise do jogo , Ações de jogo , Localização do distribuidor