Natação: adaptação ao meio aquático na paralisia cerebral
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2014
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O presente estudo teve por pressuposto observar e avaliar o desenvolvimento psicomotor de uma aluna com Paralisia Cerebral (PC), recorrendo à aplicação de um programa de Adaptação ao Meio Aquático.
Consiste num Estudo de Caso de natureza descritiva baseado no trabalho com uma aluna de 11 anos com Diplegia e Ataxia.
As ferramentas de avaliação utilizadas foram: a Bateria Psicomotora de Fonseca (1992) e o Documento Normativo de Adaptação ao Meio Aquático das aulas de Prática Pedagógica da disciplina de Didática do Desporto I – Natação, da Faculdade de Desporto da Universidade do Porto (2005).
Os resultados foram conseguidos através do confronto dos dois momentos de avaliação (Aplicação pré e pós-programa).
O programa teve a duração de dois meses, com duas sessões semanais de sessenta minutos cada.
Com este trabalho verificou-se que o programa implementado variou em função das diferentes componentes de avaliação (fatores psicomotores).
Nos fatores da Tonicidade, da Noção do Corpo, da Estruturação Espácio-Temporal, da Praxia Fina, os resultados conseguidos revelaram execuções integrais, apropriadas e controladas. A lateralidade passou a ter uma realização perfeita, precisa, económica e controlada. A aluna melhorou também na Praxia global ao nível da concretização, embora continuasse a apresentar dificuldades de controlo visuo-motor, revelando sinais desviantes.
Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o equilíbrio foi o domínio que não indicou qualquer tipo de evolução, verificando-se, porém, um ligeiro aperfeiçoamento da postura.
Assim, os resultados afiguram que a prática de um programa de Adaptação ao Meio Aquático poderá contribuir para a melhoria do padrão psicomotor de crianças com PC.
The aim of this study had for assumptions the observation and assessment of the psychomotor development of a student with cerebral palsy, applying for that purpose a programme concerning the adaptation to the aquatic environment. It is a descriptive case study based on the work performed with an eleven-year-old student with Spastic Diplegia and Ataxia. The assessment tools used were: Fonseca’s Psychomotor Battery (1992) and the Normative Document for the Adaptation to Aquatic Environment from the Pedagogical Practice Classes of Didactics of Sports I – Swimming of the Faculdade de Desporto da Universidade do Porto. The results were measured by comparing the scores in the two moments of assessment (pre-programme and post-programme) The programme had the duration of two months, on a bi weekly, one hour session basis. This work showed that the undergoing programme results differed according to the various components of assessment (psychomotor factors). The results concerning Tonicity, Body Awareness, Spacio-Temporal Structuring and Thin Praxia showed complete, appropriate and controlled performances. Laterality began to show a perfect, precise, economical and controlled execution. The student also made improvements on her performance concerning Global Praxia, although she continued to show difficulty in visuomotor control, revealing deviant signs. The results achieved showed that balance was the domain that didn´t show any type of development, but they revealed, however, a slightly improvement in posture. In conclusion, the results revealed that the practice of an Adaptation to the Aquatic Environment Programme can assure a better psychomotor standard for children with Cerebral Palsy (CP).
The aim of this study had for assumptions the observation and assessment of the psychomotor development of a student with cerebral palsy, applying for that purpose a programme concerning the adaptation to the aquatic environment. It is a descriptive case study based on the work performed with an eleven-year-old student with Spastic Diplegia and Ataxia. The assessment tools used were: Fonseca’s Psychomotor Battery (1992) and the Normative Document for the Adaptation to Aquatic Environment from the Pedagogical Practice Classes of Didactics of Sports I – Swimming of the Faculdade de Desporto da Universidade do Porto. The results were measured by comparing the scores in the two moments of assessment (pre-programme and post-programme) The programme had the duration of two months, on a bi weekly, one hour session basis. This work showed that the undergoing programme results differed according to the various components of assessment (psychomotor factors). The results concerning Tonicity, Body Awareness, Spacio-Temporal Structuring and Thin Praxia showed complete, appropriate and controlled performances. Laterality began to show a perfect, precise, economical and controlled execution. The student also made improvements on her performance concerning Global Praxia, although she continued to show difficulty in visuomotor control, revealing deviant signs. The results achieved showed that balance was the domain that didn´t show any type of development, but they revealed, however, a slightly improvement in posture. In conclusion, the results revealed that the practice of an Adaptation to the Aquatic Environment Programme can assure a better psychomotor standard for children with Cerebral Palsy (CP).
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado, Ensino de Educação Física, nos Ensinos Básico e Secundário,
Palavras-chave
Atividade física , Paralisia cerebral , Psicomotricidade , Adaptação ao meio aquático