Enriquecimento ambiental e bem-estar animal no porco branco: o papel do enriquecimento ambiental no comportamento do porco em produção intensiva
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2017-06-06
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O presente estudo decorreu nas instalações do IRTA (Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries), em Monells, Girona (Espanha) e teve como principal objetivo verificar qual o efeito da alteração do local de uma barra de madeira em função do comedouro na atividade geral e comportamento social de porcos e na conspurcação do corpo dos animais e do pavimento do parque. Para tal, foi realizado um estudo em duas salas cada uma composta por 8 parques de 2m2 de área, cujo pavimento era totalmente ripado. Em cada parque estavam alojados três porcos (Landrace x Large White) x Pietrain, num total de 48 animais, durante a sua fase de engorda (dos 49,2 aos 108 kg). Metade dos parques tinha uma barra de madeira situada próxima ao comedouro (a 30-40 cm de distância) e a outra metade no extremo oposto ao do comedouro, com uma distribuição homogénea dos tratamentos entre as duas salas.
As observações foram realizadas 3 vezes por semana (segunda-feira, quarta feira e sexta-feira), com 3 sessões por dia (de manhã, a meio do dia e no final da tarde), durante 7 semanas (setembro a novembro de 2015). Foram utilizados dois métodos de recolha de dados: amostragem por varrimento (scan) e amostragem focal. Na amostragem por varrimento mediram-se as variáveis: descansar, explorar o parque, explorar a madeira, conduta social positiva, conduta social negativa, mordedura da cauda e outros comportamentos ativos. Na amostragem focal mediu-se a conduta social positiva, conduta social negativa, luta e mordedura da cauda.
Os resultados do presente estudo permitiram concluir que a zona do comedouro é a de maior atividade e que a barra de madeira aumentou a exploração quando estava junto do comedouro comparativamente com a posição oposta. Adicionalmente, foi possível observar que o enriquecimento ambiental com barra de madeira aumentou as interações sociais nas áreas onde estava colocada e que os porcos preferem que o local de defecação seja afastado do local de descanso.
The presente study was carried out at IRTA (Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries), in Monells, Girona (Spain) and had as main objective to verify the effect of the alteration of the location of a wooden stick in relation to the feeder in the general activity and social behavior of pigs and in the dirtiness of the their bodies and of the floor of the pens. For that purpose, it was realized in two rooms with 8 pens of 2m2 of area each, whose floor was entirely slatted. In each pen were housed three pigs (Landrace x Large White) x Pietrain, in a total of 48 animals, during their growing phase (from 49.2 to 108 kg). Half of the pens had a wooden stick next to the feeder (treatment 1) and the other half at the opposite side of the pen (away from the feeder, treatment 2), with a homogeneous distribution of treatments between the two rooms. The observations were made 3 times a week (Monday, Wednesday and Friday), with 3 sessions per day (morning, midday and late afternoon) for 7 weeks (September to November 2015). Two methods of data collection were used: scan and focal sampling. The following variables were measured by scanning: resting, exploring the park, exploring wood, positive social behavior, negative social behavior, tail bite, and others. In the focal sampling, positive social behavior, negative social behavior, fight and tail biting were measured. The results of the present study led to the conclusion that the area of the feeder is the one with greater activity, the stick of wood increased the exploration when it was next to the feeder compared with the opposite position, it increased the social interactions in the areas where it was placed and that the pigs choose a resting place away from the defecation area.
The presente study was carried out at IRTA (Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries), in Monells, Girona (Spain) and had as main objective to verify the effect of the alteration of the location of a wooden stick in relation to the feeder in the general activity and social behavior of pigs and in the dirtiness of the their bodies and of the floor of the pens. For that purpose, it was realized in two rooms with 8 pens of 2m2 of area each, whose floor was entirely slatted. In each pen were housed three pigs (Landrace x Large White) x Pietrain, in a total of 48 animals, during their growing phase (from 49.2 to 108 kg). Half of the pens had a wooden stick next to the feeder (treatment 1) and the other half at the opposite side of the pen (away from the feeder, treatment 2), with a homogeneous distribution of treatments between the two rooms. The observations were made 3 times a week (Monday, Wednesday and Friday), with 3 sessions per day (morning, midday and late afternoon) for 7 weeks (September to November 2015). Two methods of data collection were used: scan and focal sampling. The following variables were measured by scanning: resting, exploring the park, exploring wood, positive social behavior, negative social behavior, tail bite, and others. In the focal sampling, positive social behavior, negative social behavior, fight and tail biting were measured. The results of the present study led to the conclusion that the area of the feeder is the one with greater activity, the stick of wood increased the exploration when it was next to the feeder compared with the opposite position, it increased the social interactions in the areas where it was placed and that the pigs choose a resting place away from the defecation area.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Palavras-chave
Suíno , Comportamento exploratório , Comportamento social , Bem estar animal , Enriquecimento ambiental