Caracterização de parques zoológicos no Norte de Portugal
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2017-07-03
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Os conceitos de bem-estar animal e de parques zoológicos tem estado em constante mutação. Actualmente, os parques zoológicos, exercem um papel importante na educação ambiental, conservação da natureza e na investigação científica. Os objectivos deste trabalho foram compreender e caracterizar diferentes tipologias de parques zoológicos (quinta pedagógica, jardim zoológico e parque biológico) do Norte do país, fazendo uma breve distinção entre eles. O estudo foi efectuado ao longo de aproximadamente, um ano através de um inquérito respondido por entrevista pessoal pelos responsáveis de dez parques zoológicos, seleccionados de entre os existentes na área territorial do estudo. Durante período de trabalho de campo foram realizadas diversas deslocações aos parques para obtenção de dados e visitas às instalações. Foram analisados variados aspectos referentes aos parques zoológicos, e realizada uma classificação qualitativa (classificação máxima de 20 pontos). Os aspectos que são tidos como fulcrais para as quintas pedagógicas em estudo são o preçário, as actividades adicionais além da visita aos animais, número de espécies e o comportamento animal. Estes foram os itens que reuniram maior pontuação. Os que obtiveram menor pontuação foram a qualidade das vedações, a organização do território, a adequação a pessoas com deficiência e a relação entre o número de machos e o número de fêmeas. Existem três quintas pedagógicas com classificação positiva (QP1, QP2 e QP5) e duas com classificação inferior a 10 pontos (QP3 e QP4). A QP5 é a que reúne uma maior pontuação, ou seja, segundo os parâmetros estudados é a que se aproxima mais do ideal, podendo, ainda melhorar consideravelmente, aspectos como a sinaléctica do parque, a adequação para pessoas com deficiência e a relação entre o número de machos e fêmeas.No conjunto dos dez parques zoológicos visitados os jardins zoológicos são as empresas com uma maior preocupação geral, ou seja, as que reúnem uma maior pontuação nos aspectos observados. Considerando esses mesmos aspectos julgo que todos os parques zoológicos em estudo, com excepção dos PZ3 e PZ4, podem ser considerados aptos e capazes de continuar a crescer e evoluir correspondendo às necessidades das espécies e dos visitantes.
The animal welfare and zoological parks concepts have been constantly changing. Nowadays, zoological parks, play an important role in environmental education, nature conservation and scientific research. The aims of this study were to understand and characterize the different types of zoological parks (educational farm, zoo and biological park) in the north Portugal, making a brief distinction between them. The study was conducted over approximately a year, through a quiz made by personal interview to the ten zoological parks' responsibles, selected from among the territorial area of study. During the fieldwork period were made several trips to parks to obtain data and additional information. Several aspects relating to zoological parks were analyzed and a qualitative classification (maximum score of 20 points) was performed. The aspects that are considered central to the educational farms in the study are the price list, the activities besides visiting the animals, number of species and animal behavior. These were the items that gathered highest score. Those who had lower scores were the fences quality, the territory organization, adaptation to people with disabilities and the ratio between the number of males and the number of females. There are three educational farms with positive rating (QP1, QP2 and QP5) and two with rating below 10 points (PQ3 and QP4). The QP5 is the one that gathers a higher score, that is, according to the parameters studied is the one that is closer to the ideal, and may also improve considerably in some aspects such as the park informative signs, the suitability for disabled people and the ratiobetween number of males and females. From all ten zoological parks visited the zoos are the companies with more general concern, which means, those that gather a higher score in the observed aspects. Considering these same aspects. I think that all zoological parks in the study, with the exception of PZ3 and PZ4 may be considered fit and able to continue to grow and evolve to meet the needs of the species and visitors.
The animal welfare and zoological parks concepts have been constantly changing. Nowadays, zoological parks, play an important role in environmental education, nature conservation and scientific research. The aims of this study were to understand and characterize the different types of zoological parks (educational farm, zoo and biological park) in the north Portugal, making a brief distinction between them. The study was conducted over approximately a year, through a quiz made by personal interview to the ten zoological parks' responsibles, selected from among the territorial area of study. During the fieldwork period were made several trips to parks to obtain data and additional information. Several aspects relating to zoological parks were analyzed and a qualitative classification (maximum score of 20 points) was performed. The aspects that are considered central to the educational farms in the study are the price list, the activities besides visiting the animals, number of species and animal behavior. These were the items that gathered highest score. Those who had lower scores were the fences quality, the territory organization, adaptation to people with disabilities and the ratio between the number of males and the number of females. There are three educational farms with positive rating (QP1, QP2 and QP5) and two with rating below 10 points (PQ3 and QP4). The QP5 is the one that gathers a higher score, that is, according to the parameters studied is the one that is closer to the ideal, and may also improve considerably in some aspects such as the park informative signs, the suitability for disabled people and the ratiobetween number of males and females. From all ten zoological parks visited the zoos are the companies with more general concern, which means, those that gather a higher score in the observed aspects. Considering these same aspects. I think that all zoological parks in the study, with the exception of PZ3 and PZ4 may be considered fit and able to continue to grow and evolve to meet the needs of the species and visitors.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Zootécnica
Palavras-chave
Parques zoológicos , Norte de Portugal , Jardins zoológicos , Bem-estar animal , Quintas pedagógicas , Parques pedagógicos