In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the biological effects of Celuvein® and its components
Ficheiros
Data
2017-12-04
Autores
Título da revista
ISSN da revista
Título do Volume
Editora
Resumo
A indústria cosmética está em constante crescimento, com produtos aliados a propriedades farmacêuticas, que surgem rapidamente. O Celuvein® é uma loção cosmética com propriedades farmacêuticas (cosmecêutico) para o tratamento e melhoramento da celulite e varizes, dois dos problemas mais preocupantes principalmente para mulheres. Os seus ingredientes incluem o Liporeductyl® (uma formulação com cafeína), Algisium® (silanol, sílica orgânica) e dióxido de titânio (TiO2), um pigmento branco com efeito protetor de raios ultravioleta (UV), sendo um dos mais usados.
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos destes três componentes do Celuvein®, tanto in vivo como in vitro, principalmente o seu potencial citotóxico e genotóxico. Para os estudos in vivo foi usado como modelo animal a Drosophila melanogaster, uma vez que tem várias vantagens para estudos de toxicidade. Foram testados os efeitos na longevidade e prolificidade da Drosophila, bem como o potencial genotóxico, com o teste de mutação e recombinação somática (SMART). Para os estudos in vitro, os efeitos foram estudados em quatro linhas celulares: Caco-2, HaCaT, HepG2 e Raw264.7. A citotoxicidade foi avaliada com base no teste de viabilidade com Alamar Blue, e as células foram expostas durante 24 e 48 h aos compostos. Para determinar a genotoxicidade, foi realizado o ensaio de cometa em ambos os estudos, com neuroblastos de Drosophila nos estudos in vivo, e nas células HepG2 (com e sem FPG) para os estudos in vitro.
Os resultados in vivo mostraram que o Liporeductyl® (acima de 1%) é tóxico para as Drosophila, diminuindo o seu tempo de vida e prolificidade, e os resultados do SMART também sugerem que este composto tem efeitos mutagénicos neste modelo animal. No entanto, não foram observados danos no DNA. No geral, o Algisium® e o TiO2 parecem melhorar a longevidade e prolificidade da Drosophila, contudo os resultados da mutagenicidade foram inconclusivos.
Os resultados in vitro, semelhante ao observado in vivo, sugerem que o Liporeductyl® é citotóxico em todas as linhas celulares estudadas de um modo dependente da dose, no entanto, nas concentrações testadas no ensaio do cometa em HepG2, não houve qualquer aumento significativo de danos no DNA ou danos oxidativos. O Algisium® foi citotóxico nas células HaCaT, HepG2 e Raw264.7, com recuperação da viabilidade celular quando a exposição por 24 h foi comparada com as 48 h. Os resultados do ensaio do cometa sugerem que a diminuição de viabilidade às 24 h de exposição está relacionada com danos de DNA e danos oxidativos, uma vez que houve um aumento significativo de ambos. O TiO2 foi citotóxico nas células HaCaT e Raw264.7 de um modo dependente da dose. Não houve
qualquer dano oxidativo, mas houve um aumento de dano no DNA na concentração mais elevada.
Estes resultados demonstram a importância dos testes de cosméticos e cosmecêuticos, não só para comprovar a sua eficácia, mas para o seu potencial citotóxico e genotóxico. É importante considerar que as concentrações testadas não refletem as concentrações dos componentes no Celuvein®, logo não se devem fazer extrapolações diretas. São necessários mais testes para determinar os potenciais efeitos destes componentes no corpo humano.
The cosmetic industry is a growing field, with cosmetics starting to emerge with pharmaceutical properties at a fast rate. Celuvein® is a cosmetic lotion with pharmaceutical properties (cosmeceutical) for the treatment and improvement of cellulite and varicose veins, two of the most concerning problems especially for women. Its ingredients include Liporeductyl® (a formulation with caffeine), Algisium® (an organic silicium) and titanium dioxide (TiO2), one of the most vastly used white pigments and UV protectors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo and in vitro effects of these three components of Celuvein®, especially their cytotoxic and genotoxic potential. For the in vivo studies the Drosophila melanogaster animal model was used, as it has a lot of advantages for toxicity studies. Effects on longevity and prolificacy of Drosophila were tested, as well as the mutagenic potential, with the Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test (SMART). For the in vitro studies, the effects were studied in four different cell lines: Caco-2, HaCaT, HepG2 and Raw264.7. Cytotoxicity was evaluated based on the Alamar Blue viability assay, and cells were exposed to the components for 24 and 48 h. To assess the genotoxic potential of the components, the comet assay was performed in both studies, with Drosophila neuroblasts for the in vivo effects and with HepG2 cells (with and without FPG) for the in vitro effects. The in vivo results showed that Liporeductyl® was toxic for Drosophila, decreasing its lifespan and prolificacy (concentrations above 1%), and the SMART results also suggest that this component has mutagenic effects in this animal model. However, no DNA damage was observed. Algisium® and TiO2, generally, seemed to improve the longevity and prolificacy of Drosophila, and the results of the mutagenicity tested were mainly inconclusive. The in vitro results, similarly to what was observed in vivo, suggest that Liporeductyl® is cytotoxic in all tested cell lines in a dose-dependent mode, though, in the tested concentrations in the HepG2 comet assay, there wasn’t a statistically significant increase in DNA or oxidative damage. Algisium® was cytotoxic in HaCaT, HepG2 and Raw264.7 cells, with a recovery in cell viability when the 24 h of exposure were compared with the 48 h. The comet assay results suggest that the decrease in cell viability at the 24 h of exposure are related to DNA and oxidative damage, being that there was a statistically significant increase in both. TiO2 was cytotoxic to HaCaT and Raw264.7 cells in a dose-dependent way. No significant oxidative damage was present, but there was an increase in DNA damage at the highest tested concentration. These results show the importance of testing cosmetics and cosmeceuticals, not only for their efficacy but also for their cytotoxic and genotoxic potential. It’s important to consider that the tested concentrations don’t reflect the concentrations of the components in Celuvein®, so no direct extrapolation should be done. More tests are necessary to fully assess the potential effects of these components on the human body.
The cosmetic industry is a growing field, with cosmetics starting to emerge with pharmaceutical properties at a fast rate. Celuvein® is a cosmetic lotion with pharmaceutical properties (cosmeceutical) for the treatment and improvement of cellulite and varicose veins, two of the most concerning problems especially for women. Its ingredients include Liporeductyl® (a formulation with caffeine), Algisium® (an organic silicium) and titanium dioxide (TiO2), one of the most vastly used white pigments and UV protectors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo and in vitro effects of these three components of Celuvein®, especially their cytotoxic and genotoxic potential. For the in vivo studies the Drosophila melanogaster animal model was used, as it has a lot of advantages for toxicity studies. Effects on longevity and prolificacy of Drosophila were tested, as well as the mutagenic potential, with the Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test (SMART). For the in vitro studies, the effects were studied in four different cell lines: Caco-2, HaCaT, HepG2 and Raw264.7. Cytotoxicity was evaluated based on the Alamar Blue viability assay, and cells were exposed to the components for 24 and 48 h. To assess the genotoxic potential of the components, the comet assay was performed in both studies, with Drosophila neuroblasts for the in vivo effects and with HepG2 cells (with and without FPG) for the in vitro effects. The in vivo results showed that Liporeductyl® was toxic for Drosophila, decreasing its lifespan and prolificacy (concentrations above 1%), and the SMART results also suggest that this component has mutagenic effects in this animal model. However, no DNA damage was observed. Algisium® and TiO2, generally, seemed to improve the longevity and prolificacy of Drosophila, and the results of the mutagenicity tested were mainly inconclusive. The in vitro results, similarly to what was observed in vivo, suggest that Liporeductyl® is cytotoxic in all tested cell lines in a dose-dependent mode, though, in the tested concentrations in the HepG2 comet assay, there wasn’t a statistically significant increase in DNA or oxidative damage. Algisium® was cytotoxic in HaCaT, HepG2 and Raw264.7 cells, with a recovery in cell viability when the 24 h of exposure were compared with the 48 h. The comet assay results suggest that the decrease in cell viability at the 24 h of exposure are related to DNA and oxidative damage, being that there was a statistically significant increase in both. TiO2 was cytotoxic to HaCaT and Raw264.7 cells in a dose-dependent way. No significant oxidative damage was present, but there was an increase in DNA damage at the highest tested concentration. These results show the importance of testing cosmetics and cosmeceuticals, not only for their efficacy but also for their cytotoxic and genotoxic potential. It’s important to consider that the tested concentrations don’t reflect the concentrations of the components in Celuvein®, so no direct extrapolation should be done. More tests are necessary to fully assess the potential effects of these components on the human body.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Biotecnologia para as Ciências da Saúde
Palavras-chave
Genotoxicidade , Cultura de células , Toxicidade , Drosophila melanogaster