Dermatologia em animais de companhia
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2018-07-23
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A dermatologia é uma área da Medicina Veterinária responsável pela prevenção, diagnóstico e tratamento de doenças de pele e dos seus anexos incluindo pêlos, unhas e ouvidos. Sendo a pele o maior órgão do corpo e a principal barreira contra agressões externas, a sua preservação é crucial para manter o bom estado de saúde dos nossos animais de companhia. As doenças dermatológicas podem ter várias origens, tais como: doenças infeciosas, alergias, traumas, doenças hormonais, alterações metabólicas, doenças autoimunes, predisposições genéticas e doenças oncológicas. As doenças dermatolológicas de origem infeciosa são um dos principais motivos de consulta nas clínicas e hospitais veterinários. Existe um grande número de agentes que podem causar lesões estrututurais na pele, incluindo bactérias, fungos e parasitas como ácaros, ixodídeos, pulgas e flebótomos. A pioderma, a dermatofitose, a demodicose e a leishmaniose são algumas doenças que provocam alterações dermatológicas que são revistas ao longo da dissertação. Uma correta abordagem a cada uma das doenças é necessário para que se consiga fazer um diagnóstico acertado e aplicar o protocolo de tratamento mais adequado. Para que isto seja possível, uma completa análise e recolha da história pregressa do animal, bem como, da anamnese aquando da consulta é fundamental. Deve ser realizado um exame físico rigoroso e registados todos os sinais clínicos apresentados pelo animal. Estes procedimentos permitemnos elaborar uma lista de diagnósticos diferenciais. Ao aliarmos um correto exame clínico com os exames complementares adequados conseguimos obter um diagnóstico preciso e delinear um tratamento eficaz. Tendo em conta a constante evolução da Medicina Veterinária em geral e da Dermatologia, cabe ao médico veterinário manter-se sempre atualizado no que diz respeito ao lançamento de novas drogas terapêuticas e outros estudos que vão surgindo permanentemente no mundo científico. Ao longo do trabalho vão ser revistas algumas das dermatoses mais comuns e apresentados casos clínicos acompanhados durante o estágio curricular do autor.
As a field of the Veterinary Medicine, Dermatology is responsible for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the skin and its cutaneous attachments such as hair, nails and the ears. The skin is the largest organ in the body and the main barrier against external agressions. The preservation of its functions is crucial to maintain the good health of our pets. The dermatological diseases can have several origins, such as: infectious diseases, allergies, traumas, hormonal diseases, metabolic alterations, autoimmune diseases, genetic predispositions and oncological diseases. Dermatological diseases of infectious origin are one of the main reasons for consultation in veterinary clinics and hospitals. There are a large number of agents that can cause structural damage to the skin, including bacteria, fungi and parasites such as mites, ticks, fleas and flies. Pyoderma, dermatophytosis, demodicosis and leishmaniasis are some diseases that cause dermatological alterations that are reviewed throughout the dissertation. A correct approach to each of the diseases is necessary to be able to make a correct diagnosis and apply the most appropriate treatment. For this to be possible, a thorough analysis and collection of the animal's previous history, as well as anamnesis at the time of the consultation, is essential. A thorough physical examination shall be performed and all clinical signs presented by the animal shall be recorded. These procedures allow us to draw up a list of differential diagnoses. By combining a correct clinical examination with the appropriate complementary exams we can obtain an accurate diagnosis and delineate an effective treatment. Taking into account the constant evolution of Veterinary Medicine in general and Dermatology, it is up to the veterinarian to keep up-to-date with regard to the launching of new therapeutic drugs and other studies that are constantly appearing in the scientific world. Throughout the work will be reviewed some of the most common dermatoses and presented clinical cases followed by the author’s during his curricular traineeship
As a field of the Veterinary Medicine, Dermatology is responsible for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the skin and its cutaneous attachments such as hair, nails and the ears. The skin is the largest organ in the body and the main barrier against external agressions. The preservation of its functions is crucial to maintain the good health of our pets. The dermatological diseases can have several origins, such as: infectious diseases, allergies, traumas, hormonal diseases, metabolic alterations, autoimmune diseases, genetic predispositions and oncological diseases. Dermatological diseases of infectious origin are one of the main reasons for consultation in veterinary clinics and hospitals. There are a large number of agents that can cause structural damage to the skin, including bacteria, fungi and parasites such as mites, ticks, fleas and flies. Pyoderma, dermatophytosis, demodicosis and leishmaniasis are some diseases that cause dermatological alterations that are reviewed throughout the dissertation. A correct approach to each of the diseases is necessary to be able to make a correct diagnosis and apply the most appropriate treatment. For this to be possible, a thorough analysis and collection of the animal's previous history, as well as anamnesis at the time of the consultation, is essential. A thorough physical examination shall be performed and all clinical signs presented by the animal shall be recorded. These procedures allow us to draw up a list of differential diagnoses. By combining a correct clinical examination with the appropriate complementary exams we can obtain an accurate diagnosis and delineate an effective treatment. Taking into account the constant evolution of Veterinary Medicine in general and Dermatology, it is up to the veterinarian to keep up-to-date with regard to the launching of new therapeutic drugs and other studies that are constantly appearing in the scientific world. Throughout the work will be reviewed some of the most common dermatoses and presented clinical cases followed by the author’s during his curricular traineeship
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Medicina Veterinária
Palavras-chave
dermatologia , doenças infeciosas , cães e gatos