Relação entre tratamentos metabólicos pré e pós-parto nos níveis de cálcio, magnésio e incidência de algumas doenças puerperais em vacas leiteiras da Ilha Terceira e Barcelos
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2018-10-03
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A hipocalcemia acarreta consigo repercussões diretas e indiretas na saúde e bemestar dos animais com aptidão leiteira e na sua produtividade. No presente trabalho realizou-se a quantificação dos níveis de cálcio e magnésio em 5 explorações da ilha Terceira e 6 explorações do concelho de Barcelos. Em cada exploração realizaram-se 10 colheitas (animais primíparos e multíparos) nas primeiras 6 horas pós-parto para posterior determinação do valor sérico total de cálcio e magnésio. Foram igualmente recolhidos dados relativamente às doenças puerperais desenvolvidas nos 30 dias pós-parto. Todas as explorações apresentaram hipocalcemia subclínica (HSC) mas não hipocalcemia clínica (HC). Os animais primíparos apresentaram 9% de incidência em HSC. Os animais multíparos apresentaram 9% de incidência em HC, 51% em HSC e 40% em normocalcemia (NC). Relativamente aos valores de magnésio apenas se registou um caso de hipomagnesemia, em Barcelos. Na ilha Terceira verificou-se uma maior incidência de HSC (58% contra 23% observados em Barcelos), no entanto, em Barcelos verificou-se uma maior incidência de HC (7% contra 2% observados na ilha Terceira). Registaram-se 7 animais que apresentaram decúbito, dos quais 2 apresentavam valores de calcemia de HC e 5 de HSC. Verificou-se que com o aumento da idade e do número de partos os animais apresentaram valores de calcemia mais baixos. No entanto, o mesmo não se verificou com a magnesemia. De um modo geral, os animais da ilha Terceira apresentam valores de magnésio superiores aos dos animais de Barcelos. Os fatores localização (Terceira/Barcelos) e exploração (A/B/C/D/E/F/G/H/I/J/K) não se mostraram como fatores influenciadores nos níveis de calcemia. As doenças puerperais observadas foram retenção placentária, metrite (8 e 15 pósparto), mastite (no dia do parto, 8 e 15 dias pós-parto) e cetose. Não se observaram prolapsos uterinos nem deslocamentos de abomaso. Registou-se uma incidência de 17% (10/60) de retenção placentária, 12% (7/60) de metrite aos 8 dias pós-parto, 10% (6/60) de metrite aos 15 dias pós-parto, 3% (2/60) de mastite no dia do parto, 2% (2/60) de mastite aos 8 dias pósparto e 7% (4/60) de cetose. Os tratamentos metabólicos pré-parto não tiveram influência dos níveis de cálcio. Contudo, observou-se que os animais expostos à administração da vitamina D apresentaram, em média, valores de cálcio inferiores aos animais não expostos a este tratamento. Dos animais expostos a tratamento metabólico pós-parto verificou-se que apesar de serem animais considerados em risco, não desenvolveram doenças puerperais. Contudo, para se avaliar a influência destes tratamentos dever-se-ia ter realizado uma recolha após o tratamento para determinação dos níveis séricos de cálcio
Hypocalcemia leads to direct and indirect repercussions on the health and well-being of animals through the practice of dairy and in their production. In the present study the quantification of calcium and magnesium was performed in 5 farms of Terceira Island and 6 farms in Barcelos. In each farm, 10 collections (heifers and multiparous cows) were performed in the first 6 hours postpartum for subsequent determination of total serum calcium and magnesium. Data on puerperal pathologies within 30 days postpartum was also collected. All farms presented subclinical hypocalcemia (HSC) but not clinical hypocalcemia (HC). Heifers presentes 9% incidence in HSC. Multiparous cows had a 9% incidence in HC, 51% in HSC and 40% in normocalcemia (NC). Regarding the magnesia values, only one case of hypomagnesaemia occurred in Barcelos. In Terceira island there was a higher incidence of HSC (58% vs 23% observed in Barcelos), however, in Barcelos there was a higher incidence of HC (7% vs 2% observed in Terceira Island). There were 7 animals in decubitus, of which 2 presented calcemia values of HC and 5 of HSC. It was found that with increase in age and number of deliveries animals presented lower calcemia values. However, the same was not observed with magnesemia. In general, animals in Terceira island presented higher magnesium values than animals in Barcelos. Location factor (Terceira/Barcelos) and farm (A/B/C/D/E/F/G/H/I/J/K) did not influence calcimeia levels. Postpartum diseases were observed were retained placenta, metritis (8 and 15 days postpartum), mastitis (delivery day, 8 and 15 days postpartum), and ketosis. No uterine prolapses or abomasal displacements were observed. There was an incidence of 17% (10/60) retained placenta, 12% (7/60) metritis at 8 days postpartum, 10% (6/60) metritis at 15 days postpartum, 3% (2/60) of mastitis on the delivery day, 2% (2/60) of mastitis at 8 days postpartum and 7% (4/60) of ketosis. Prepartum metabolic treatment had no influence on calcium levels. However, it was observed that animals exposed to the administration of vitamin D, has shown lower calcium levels compared to the others. The animals exposed to a postpartum metabolic treatment did not developed puerperal diseases, althought considred at risk. However, to assess the influence of these treatments, a post-treatment recall should be performed to determine serum calcium levels
Hypocalcemia leads to direct and indirect repercussions on the health and well-being of animals through the practice of dairy and in their production. In the present study the quantification of calcium and magnesium was performed in 5 farms of Terceira Island and 6 farms in Barcelos. In each farm, 10 collections (heifers and multiparous cows) were performed in the first 6 hours postpartum for subsequent determination of total serum calcium and magnesium. Data on puerperal pathologies within 30 days postpartum was also collected. All farms presented subclinical hypocalcemia (HSC) but not clinical hypocalcemia (HC). Heifers presentes 9% incidence in HSC. Multiparous cows had a 9% incidence in HC, 51% in HSC and 40% in normocalcemia (NC). Regarding the magnesia values, only one case of hypomagnesaemia occurred in Barcelos. In Terceira island there was a higher incidence of HSC (58% vs 23% observed in Barcelos), however, in Barcelos there was a higher incidence of HC (7% vs 2% observed in Terceira Island). There were 7 animals in decubitus, of which 2 presented calcemia values of HC and 5 of HSC. It was found that with increase in age and number of deliveries animals presented lower calcemia values. However, the same was not observed with magnesemia. In general, animals in Terceira island presented higher magnesium values than animals in Barcelos. Location factor (Terceira/Barcelos) and farm (A/B/C/D/E/F/G/H/I/J/K) did not influence calcimeia levels. Postpartum diseases were observed were retained placenta, metritis (8 and 15 days postpartum), mastitis (delivery day, 8 and 15 days postpartum), and ketosis. No uterine prolapses or abomasal displacements were observed. There was an incidence of 17% (10/60) retained placenta, 12% (7/60) metritis at 8 days postpartum, 10% (6/60) metritis at 15 days postpartum, 3% (2/60) of mastitis on the delivery day, 2% (2/60) of mastitis at 8 days postpartum and 7% (4/60) of ketosis. Prepartum metabolic treatment had no influence on calcium levels. However, it was observed that animals exposed to the administration of vitamin D, has shown lower calcium levels compared to the others. The animals exposed to a postpartum metabolic treatment did not developed puerperal diseases, althought considred at risk. However, to assess the influence of these treatments, a post-treatment recall should be performed to determine serum calcium levels
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Palavras-chave
bovinos de aptidão leiteira , hipocalcemia , periparto , doenças puerperais , tratamento metabólico pré-parto , tratamento metabólico pós-parto