Endoscopia em animais de companhia: remoção endoscópica de corpo estranho no trato gastrointestinal
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2019-01-09
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Todos os animais presentes na consulta com sinais clínicos como a regurgitação, disfagia, odinofagia, hipersialia e vómito crónico ou intermitente sem razão aparente, têm indicação clínica para se proceder à endoscopia. A endoscopia flexível é um método de diagnóstico especializado, minimamente invasivo, e com possibilidades tanto diagnósticas como terapêuticas. Por ser o único método de visualização direta, permite detecção de alterações na mucosa do trato gastrointestinal como esofagite causada por refluxo gastroesofágico (RGE) ou por corpo estranho, neoplasias, estenoses, gastrite, úlceras ou erosões. Para além de possibilitar a obtenção de ter amostras para biópsia, facilitando procedimentos como citologia e cultura, fornecendo informações quanto ao diagnóstico e prognóstico de patologias, permite extração de corpos estranhos e tratamento de algumas afeções, evitando a intervenção cirúrgica. O presente trabalho inicia-se com uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a endoscopia em geral e endoscopia do aparelho digestivo, explicando a abordagem à extração de corpo estranho esofágico, gástrico e gastrointestinal. Em seguida apresenta-se 5 casos clínicos que foram acompanhados no Hospital Veterinário das Laranjeiras, em Lisboa, onde procedemos ao diagnóstico definitivo e extração de corpos estranhos nas diferentes estruturas do aparelho digestivo. Por fim, e em permanente comparação com os dados bibliográficos recolhidos, faz-se uma análise dos casos acompanhados, alertando-se para a importância da endoscopia no sucesso do diagnóstico e tratamento.
All animals presented at the clinic with clinical signs such as regurgitation, dysphagia, odynophagia, hypersialia and chronic or intermittent vomiting without apparent reason, are clinically indicated for endoscopy. Flexible endoscopy is a specialized, minimally invasive diagnostic method with both diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities. Because it is the only method that allows the direct visualization of the structures and the detection of changes in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract such as esophagitis caused by gastroesophageal reflux or by foreign bodys, stenoses, gastritis, ulcers or erosions. In addition, allows the obtention of samples for biopsy, facilitating procedures such as cytology and culture, providing precious information on the diagnosis and prognosis of pathologies. It also allows extraction of foreign bodies and treatment of some conditions, avoiding surgical intervention. The present work begins with a literature review on endoscopy in general and endoscopy of the digestive tract, explaining the approach to esophageal, gastric and gastrointestinal foreign body extraction. Then presenting five clinical cases that were followed at the Hospital Veterinário das Laranjeiras, in Lisbon, where we proceed to the definitive diagnosis and extraction of foreign bodies in the different structures of the digestive system. Finally, and in permanent comparison with the bibliographical data collected, it is made an analysis of the cases followed, alerting to the importance of endoscopy in the success of diagnosis and treatment.
All animals presented at the clinic with clinical signs such as regurgitation, dysphagia, odynophagia, hypersialia and chronic or intermittent vomiting without apparent reason, are clinically indicated for endoscopy. Flexible endoscopy is a specialized, minimally invasive diagnostic method with both diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities. Because it is the only method that allows the direct visualization of the structures and the detection of changes in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract such as esophagitis caused by gastroesophageal reflux or by foreign bodys, stenoses, gastritis, ulcers or erosions. In addition, allows the obtention of samples for biopsy, facilitating procedures such as cytology and culture, providing precious information on the diagnosis and prognosis of pathologies. It also allows extraction of foreign bodies and treatment of some conditions, avoiding surgical intervention. The present work begins with a literature review on endoscopy in general and endoscopy of the digestive tract, explaining the approach to esophageal, gastric and gastrointestinal foreign body extraction. Then presenting five clinical cases that were followed at the Hospital Veterinário das Laranjeiras, in Lisbon, where we proceed to the definitive diagnosis and extraction of foreign bodies in the different structures of the digestive system. Finally, and in permanent comparison with the bibliographical data collected, it is made an analysis of the cases followed, alerting to the importance of endoscopy in the success of diagnosis and treatment.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Palavras-chave
Endoscopia , corpo estranho , diagnóstico , tratamento