Desenvolvimento de uma palmilha ortopédica em nanocelulose especí ca do indivíduo
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2019-05-27
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Os métodos mais utilizados nos dias de hoje, para o desenvolvimento de palmilhas ortopédicas personalizadas, requerem mão de obra quali cada e são altamente dependentes dos dados de entrada do indivíduo em estudo. Esse tipo de métodos consiste na criação de um molde da zona plantar do pé, onde com o uso de um scanner e um software CAD (Computer-Aided Design), é obtida a palmilha ortopédica especí ca do indivíduo, baseando-se no modelo geométrico 3D estático do pé. A vantagem do presente estudo em relação a métodos frequentemente usados, é que permite obter uma palmilha ortopédica especí ca do indivíduo, recorrendo ao método de elementos nitos associado a métodos de otimização, sem que seja necessária mão de obra quali cada, dados de entrada e a presença do indivíduo no local. Um modelo de elementos nitos do complexo pé-tornozelo constituído por tíbia, fíbula, 26 ossos do pé, tecidos moles e 72 ligamentos foi desenvolvido a partir de técnicas de tomogra a axial computorizada (TAC) de imagens médicas DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine). Estas imagens através do software de segmentação InVesalius e auxilío de um software CAD (SpaceClaim) permitiram criar uma geometria detalhada do complexo pé-tornozelo, suporte e palmilha. A geometria criada foi importada para o ANSYSr onde foram de nidos contactos, propriedades materiais, condições de fronteira e carregamentos. A pressão plantar foi obtida aplicando uma força de 350 N no suporte, que representa metade do peso do corpo do indivíduo em estudo, realizando compressão entre o pé e a palmilha. Simultaneamente, uma força de 175 N é aplicada no calcanhar para representação da força do tendão de Aquiles, enquanto o topo da fíbula, tíbia e tecidos moles se encontram xos. Após se obter a pressão plantar, foi realizada a otimização da palmilha, onde com o auxilio de técnicas de otimização da superfície de resposta, se encontrou a forma ótima para a palmilha ortopédica em nanocelulose, de modo a distribuir melhor as pressões plantares e reduzir o pico de pressão. Por m, comparam-se e discutem-se os resultados da pressão plantar obtidos, e qual a vantagem de uma palmilha otimizada em relação a outras
The most commonly used methods today for the development of customized orthopedic insoles require skilled labor and are highly dependent on the input data of the individual under study. This type of methods consists in the creation of a mold of the plantar area of the foot, with the use of a scanner and CAD (Computer-Aided Design) software, the orthopedic insole of the individual is obtained, basing in the static 3D geometric model of the foot. The advantage of the present study in relation to frequently used methods is that it allows to obtain a speci c orthopedic insole of the individual, using the nite element method associated to optimization methods, without the need for skilled labor, input data and presence of the individual in the place. A nite element model of the ankle-foot complex consisting of tibia, bula, 26 foot bones, soft tissues and 72 ligaments was developed using computed tomography (CT) techniques of DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) medical images. These images through the InVesalius segmentation software and the aid of CAD software (SpaceClaim) allowed the creation of a detailed geometry of the ankle-foot complex, support and insole. The created geometry is imported into ANSYSr where contacts, material properties, boundary conditions, and loads are de ned. The plantar pressure is obtained by applying a force of 350 N on the support, which represents half the body weight of the individual under study, performing compression between the foot and insole. Simultaneously, a force of 175 N is applied at the heel to represent the strength of the Achilles tendon, while the top of the bula, tibia and soft tissues are xed. After the plantar pressure is obtained, the optimization of the insole is carried out, with the aid of response surface optimization techniques, the optimum shape for the orthopedic insole in nanocellulose is obtained, in order to better distribute the plantar pressures and reduce the peak pressure. Finally, the results of plantar pressure obtained are compared and discussed, and what is the advantage of an optimized insole in relation to others
The most commonly used methods today for the development of customized orthopedic insoles require skilled labor and are highly dependent on the input data of the individual under study. This type of methods consists in the creation of a mold of the plantar area of the foot, with the use of a scanner and CAD (Computer-Aided Design) software, the orthopedic insole of the individual is obtained, basing in the static 3D geometric model of the foot. The advantage of the present study in relation to frequently used methods is that it allows to obtain a speci c orthopedic insole of the individual, using the nite element method associated to optimization methods, without the need for skilled labor, input data and presence of the individual in the place. A nite element model of the ankle-foot complex consisting of tibia, bula, 26 foot bones, soft tissues and 72 ligaments was developed using computed tomography (CT) techniques of DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) medical images. These images through the InVesalius segmentation software and the aid of CAD software (SpaceClaim) allowed the creation of a detailed geometry of the ankle-foot complex, support and insole. The created geometry is imported into ANSYSr where contacts, material properties, boundary conditions, and loads are de ned. The plantar pressure is obtained by applying a force of 350 N on the support, which represents half the body weight of the individual under study, performing compression between the foot and insole. Simultaneously, a force of 175 N is applied at the heel to represent the strength of the Achilles tendon, while the top of the bula, tibia and soft tissues are xed. After the plantar pressure is obtained, the optimization of the insole is carried out, with the aid of response surface optimization techniques, the optimum shape for the orthopedic insole in nanocellulose is obtained, in order to better distribute the plantar pressures and reduce the peak pressure. Finally, the results of plantar pressure obtained are compared and discussed, and what is the advantage of an optimized insole in relation to others
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Mecânica
Palavras-chave
Biomecânica , Palmilha ortopédica