Obstruções urinárias em gatos: casos clínicos
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2020-01-09
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As obstruções urinárias em gatos são emergências muito frequentes na prática clínica de animais de companhia. Estando a vida do animal comprometida, torna-se essencial a rapidez da atuação, com vista ao tratamento e consequente restabelecimento da sua saúde e do seu bemestar. O quadro clínico dos animais dependerá não só da localização da obstrução, como da sua duração e grau. No caso das obstruções de uretra, são comuns os sinais de trato urinário inferior, ao contrário das obstruções de ureter em que a sintomatologia é, por norma, inespecífica. O diagnóstico é estabelecido com base na análise da história e quadro clínico do animal, assim como exames complementares laboratoriais e imagiológicos. Apesar das altas taxas de recorrência, as obstruções urinárias apresentam elevadas taxas de sobrevivência. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi consolidar os conhecimentos sobre obstruções urinárias em gatos, através do paralelismo entre os dados recolhidos na prática clínica e o aprofundamento teórico do tema. Ao longo desta dissertação são descritos quatro casos clínicos de gatos com obstruções urinárias. No seu conjunto, três deles apresentavam obstruções uretrais e um deles apresentava obstrução ureteral. Estes casos clínicos foram observados no âmbito do estágio curricular do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária, no Centro Hospitalar Veterinário (CHV), na tentativa de abranger uma amostra de casos distintos de obstrução urinária. Os tratamentos realizados nesses casos incluíram a estabilização do animal e a sua monitorização. Nos casos de obstrução de uretra, a desobstrução foi feita através da algaliação, enquanto no caso de obstrução de ureter foi colocado um Subcutaneous Ureteral Bypass Device (SUB). Apesar de apresentarem manifestações clínicas de gravidade diferente entre si, todos os animais tiveram uma boa recuperação clínica. Considerando que um diagnóstico e um tratamento eficientes são extremamente importantes para uma boa evolução clínica, julga-se poder afirmar que, em todos os casos descritos neste estudo, esse pressuposto esteve na base das intervenções efetuadas, orientando a obtenção do diagnóstico, dos respetivos cuidados de emergência e da procura do restabelecimento da saúde e do bem-estar destes animais.
Urinary obstructions in cats are one of the most common emergencies seen in small animal practice. As a life threatening situation, it is essential to act quickly, in what treatment is concerned and consequent restoration of its health and well-being. The clinical condition depends not only on the location of the obstruction, but also on its duration and degree. In the case of urethral obstructions, signs of the lower urinary tract are common, unlike ureter obstruction where symptomatology is usually nonspecific. The diagnosis is made based on the analysis of the history and clinical condition of the animals, as complementary laboratory and imaging tests. Despite high recurrence rates, as urinary obstructions increase survival rates. Thus, the objective of this work was to consolidate the knowledge about urinary obstructions in cats, through the parallelism between the data collected in clinical practice and the theoretical study of the subject. Throughout this dissertation are described four clinical cases of cats with urinary obstructions. Overall, three of them had urethral obstructions and one of them had ureteral obstruction. These clinical cases were observed as part of the curricular internship of the Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária, at Centro Hospitalar Veterinário (CHV), in an attempt to collect a sample of distinct cases of urinary obstruction. Treatment in these cases included animal stabilization and monitoring. In the urethral obstruction case, clearance was made through catheterization, while in the urethral obstruction case a Subcutaneous Ureteral Bypass Device (SUB) was placed. Despite the different severity in clinical presentation, amongst the cases, all animals showed a good clinical recovery. Considering that an efficient diagnosis and treatment are extremely important for a good clinical evolution, it can be said that, in all cases described in this study, this assumption was the basis of the interventions performed, guiding the diagnosis, the respective care emergency and the restoration of the health and welfare of these animals.
Urinary obstructions in cats are one of the most common emergencies seen in small animal practice. As a life threatening situation, it is essential to act quickly, in what treatment is concerned and consequent restoration of its health and well-being. The clinical condition depends not only on the location of the obstruction, but also on its duration and degree. In the case of urethral obstructions, signs of the lower urinary tract are common, unlike ureter obstruction where symptomatology is usually nonspecific. The diagnosis is made based on the analysis of the history and clinical condition of the animals, as complementary laboratory and imaging tests. Despite high recurrence rates, as urinary obstructions increase survival rates. Thus, the objective of this work was to consolidate the knowledge about urinary obstructions in cats, through the parallelism between the data collected in clinical practice and the theoretical study of the subject. Throughout this dissertation are described four clinical cases of cats with urinary obstructions. Overall, three of them had urethral obstructions and one of them had ureteral obstruction. These clinical cases were observed as part of the curricular internship of the Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária, at Centro Hospitalar Veterinário (CHV), in an attempt to collect a sample of distinct cases of urinary obstruction. Treatment in these cases included animal stabilization and monitoring. In the urethral obstruction case, clearance was made through catheterization, while in the urethral obstruction case a Subcutaneous Ureteral Bypass Device (SUB) was placed. Despite the different severity in clinical presentation, amongst the cases, all animals showed a good clinical recovery. Considering that an efficient diagnosis and treatment are extremely important for a good clinical evolution, it can be said that, in all cases described in this study, this assumption was the basis of the interventions performed, guiding the diagnosis, the respective care emergency and the restoration of the health and welfare of these animals.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Palavras-chave
aparelho urinário , gato