Capoeira e emoções: a expressão das emoções no género masculino em Workout de capoeira
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2017-02-15
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Este estudo teve por base o Projeto Internacional de Investigação denominado: “Jogos e Emoções”, criado por Lavega et al (2008), no Centro de Investigação de Estudos Praxiológicos da Universidade de Lleida. O mesmo foi desenvolvido em diversos laboratórios e centros de pesquisa em inúmeros países da Europa, incluindo-se Portugal e da América do Sul.
O desenvolvimento da presente investigação visou apresentar as valências de um conteúdo não convencional no contexto da Educação Física Escolar portuguesa, centrando-se na análise da expressividade emocional de estudantes aquando da aplicação prática da Capoeira Gímnica. Reconheceu-se nesta modalidade distintas manifestações que derivam das suas formas específicas de expressão, muitas delas concorrentes com os objetivos propostos no programa elaborado pelo MEC, em Portugal.
Considerando que a prática da Capoeira em Portugal, em diversos ambientes de aplicação, se encontra ainda pouco aprofundada nas diferentes perspetivas, promovemos esta abordagem no seu enquadramento enquanto matéria de ensino, de forma evidenciar os benefícios e as possibilidades de aplicação desta modalidade no contexto educativo português. Os princípios fundamentais da Capoeira revelam-se adaptáveis às matérias constantes do PNEF tal como as práticas corporais de luta, as práticas gímnicas, as rítmicas expressivas e os jogos tradicionais e populares.
Os objetivos definidos para esta investigação pretenderam identificar, descrever e interpretar as tendências de expressão emocional nos indivíduos que participaram nas sessões de Workout Gímnico 1x1 para as situações sociomotrizes de cooperação sem competição, tendo em conta a generalidade e a especificidade das emoções, o género envolvido e o tipo de relação misto equitativo e misto desigual.
A metodologia adotada seguiu o método quase experimental (Campbell e Stanley, 1963), utilizando-se o instrumento denominado GES (Games and Emotion Scale) para a identificação das emoções. A análise dos dados foi feita pelo Microsoft Excel 2010. Foram consideradas para este estudo as variáveis dependentes - Emoções: Positivas, Negativas, Ambíguas, e independentes – Género (Mas/Fem), Tipo de Relação (HxH, MxM, HxM), e Grupo de movimentos (membros superiores; membros inferiores – circulares e
semicirculares, lineares, esquivas). Para o desenvolvimento da exercitação no workout 1x1 de Capoeira foi elaborado um protocolo próprio de execução, aplicado em duas sessões distintas de 80 minutos, constituída a primeira, a partir da relação misto equitativo e a segunda pela relação misto desigual.
A amostra deste estudo estruturou-se em face da sistemática adotada para a análise dos dados e em função das variáveis tipo de relação e género, de forma distinta. Foi considerado o conjunto populacional do estudo, constituído por 20 indivíduos universitários de ambos os sexos (10 M/10 F), visto ocorrer o desenvolvimento da atividade através da estrutura relacional misto equitativo e misto desigual. Todavia, considerando-se a análise dos dados segundo o género, somente se teve em conta os resultados expressos pela amostra dos 10 indivíduos do sexo masculino, apesar da sua relação com o sexo oposto no desenvolvimento da segunda sessão.
Dos dados recolhidos, concluímos que, nas atividades de natureza cooperativa de caráter gímnico, através do workout 1x1 de Capoeira, foram as emoções positivas as mais expressivas para os indivíduos do sexo masculino, independentemente do tipo de relação desenvolvida, sendo as expressividades emocionais alegria e felicidade e, para ambas as sessões, as emoções mais expressivas, não se encontrando diferenças relevantes quando os indivíduos do sexo masculino se relacionaram com ambos os sexos.
Fica evidente a importância da aplicação de atividades de natureza cooperativa, em ambiente escolar, com vista a educação emocional dos estudantes. Destacou-se ainda a necessidade imperativa de introdução de matérias de ensino alternativas capazes de propiciar um maior envolvimento dos alunos.
This essay was based on the International Investigation Project called “Games and Emotions”, created by Lavega et all (2008), at the Research Centre of Praxeological Studies of Lleida University. This project was developed in different labs and research centers in countless European countries, including Portugal, and in South America. The development of this investigation project aimed at presenting the implications and uses of a non-conventional content in the school context of the Physical Education classes in Portugal, concentrating on the analysis of the students’ emotional expressiveness when they are practicing gymnastic “Capoeira”. In this sport, it was possible to recognize distinct manifestations that are a result of their specific ways of expression, many of which are according to the aims established in the Portuguese MEC programme. Taking into account that the practice of “Capoeira” in Portugal, in different scenarios, is still not deeply explored in these distinct perspectives, it is important to promote this approach in its context as a teaching content or school subject, highlighting its benefits and the application possibilities of this sport in the Portuguese school context. The “Capoeira’s” basic principles have shown to be adaptable to the contents that are integrated in the PNEF, as well as the corporal wrestling practices, the gymnastic techniques, the rhythmic expressiveness and the traditional games. The objectives defined to this study aim at identifying, describing and interpreting the emotional expression tendencies in the individuals that have participated in the “Gymnastic workout 1x1” sessions, in order to define social and motor compromising competition-free situations. It is important to bear in mind that these tendencies take into account the general and specific character of emotions, the gender involved and the type of relationship established, whether it is equitable-mixed or uneven-mixed. The method chosen was the almost experimental method (Campbell and Stanley, 1963), using the GES (Games and Emotion Scale) for emotion identification. Data analysis was done using Microsoft Excel 2010. In this study there were also taken into account dependent variables – Emotions: Positive, Negative, Ambiguous and Independent; Gender (male/female); Type of relationship (MxM, WxW, MxW); and Movement group (upper limbs, lower limbs – circular and semicircular, linear, evasive). To develop the drilling at the Capoeira 1x1 workout, it was created a special execution protocol, which was applied in two separate 80-minute sessions. The first session focused on the equitable-mixed relationship and the second session on the uneven-mixed relationship. This study’s sample was structured bearing in mind the system that was adopted for data analysis and according to the variables “type of relationship established” and “gender” in a distinct way. It was taken into account the study group, constituted by 20 college students of both genders (10 male/ 10 female), once the activity was developed according to the structure equitable-mixed relationship and uneven-mixed relationship. It should be mentioned that taking into account data analysis according to gender, the results of the sample constituted by the 10 male individuals were the only ones that were considered, in spite of their relationship with the opposite sex, which occurred during the second session. Taking into account all the data collected, it is possible to conclude that in the gymnastic cooperation activities, in the Capoeira 1x1 workout, the most expressive emotions for the male individuals were positive emotions, regardless of the kind of relationship in question. In both sessions, joy and happiness were the most expressive emotions and there were no relevant differences when the male individuals established a relationship with both genders. It became clear the importance of applying cooperation activities in a school context, in order to develop the students’ emotional education. It was also highlighted the need to introduce alternative contents that are capable of providing a stronger involvement from the students.
This essay was based on the International Investigation Project called “Games and Emotions”, created by Lavega et all (2008), at the Research Centre of Praxeological Studies of Lleida University. This project was developed in different labs and research centers in countless European countries, including Portugal, and in South America. The development of this investigation project aimed at presenting the implications and uses of a non-conventional content in the school context of the Physical Education classes in Portugal, concentrating on the analysis of the students’ emotional expressiveness when they are practicing gymnastic “Capoeira”. In this sport, it was possible to recognize distinct manifestations that are a result of their specific ways of expression, many of which are according to the aims established in the Portuguese MEC programme. Taking into account that the practice of “Capoeira” in Portugal, in different scenarios, is still not deeply explored in these distinct perspectives, it is important to promote this approach in its context as a teaching content or school subject, highlighting its benefits and the application possibilities of this sport in the Portuguese school context. The “Capoeira’s” basic principles have shown to be adaptable to the contents that are integrated in the PNEF, as well as the corporal wrestling practices, the gymnastic techniques, the rhythmic expressiveness and the traditional games. The objectives defined to this study aim at identifying, describing and interpreting the emotional expression tendencies in the individuals that have participated in the “Gymnastic workout 1x1” sessions, in order to define social and motor compromising competition-free situations. It is important to bear in mind that these tendencies take into account the general and specific character of emotions, the gender involved and the type of relationship established, whether it is equitable-mixed or uneven-mixed. The method chosen was the almost experimental method (Campbell and Stanley, 1963), using the GES (Games and Emotion Scale) for emotion identification. Data analysis was done using Microsoft Excel 2010. In this study there were also taken into account dependent variables – Emotions: Positive, Negative, Ambiguous and Independent; Gender (male/female); Type of relationship (MxM, WxW, MxW); and Movement group (upper limbs, lower limbs – circular and semicircular, linear, evasive). To develop the drilling at the Capoeira 1x1 workout, it was created a special execution protocol, which was applied in two separate 80-minute sessions. The first session focused on the equitable-mixed relationship and the second session on the uneven-mixed relationship. This study’s sample was structured bearing in mind the system that was adopted for data analysis and according to the variables “type of relationship established” and “gender” in a distinct way. It was taken into account the study group, constituted by 20 college students of both genders (10 male/ 10 female), once the activity was developed according to the structure equitable-mixed relationship and uneven-mixed relationship. It should be mentioned that taking into account data analysis according to gender, the results of the sample constituted by the 10 male individuals were the only ones that were considered, in spite of their relationship with the opposite sex, which occurred during the second session. Taking into account all the data collected, it is possible to conclude that in the gymnastic cooperation activities, in the Capoeira 1x1 workout, the most expressive emotions for the male individuals were positive emotions, regardless of the kind of relationship in question. In both sessions, joy and happiness were the most expressive emotions and there were no relevant differences when the male individuals established a relationship with both genders. It became clear the importance of applying cooperation activities in a school context, in order to develop the students’ emotional education. It was also highlighted the need to introduce alternative contents that are capable of providing a stronger involvement from the students.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Ensino de Educação Física nos Ensinos Básico e Secundário
Palavras-chave
Educação física , Capoeira (jogos populares) , Emoções