Estudo sobre ativação muscular no método pilates: meios e técnicas de análise
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2021-05-28
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O presente estudo tem como objetivo central, analisar os efeitos agudos do Pilates sobre a ativação de músculos do tronco, através da termografia infravermelha, em adultos saudáveis. Cinco estudos foram desenvolvidos de 2019 a 2020. No entanto, em primeiro lugar, quatro revisões sistemáticas foram desenvolvidas, a fim de compreender o estado da arte e as lacunas para a investigação do Pilates como intervenção em adolescentes e adultos saudáveis. As buscas foram realizadas nos seguintes bancos de dados: MEDLINE via PubMed, Scielo e Lilacs nos seguintes termos e combinações: “método Pilates” “e” “ativação muscular” “e” “adolescentes” “e” “adultos saudáveis” “e” “ativação muscular” “e” “avaliação muscular” “e” “força” “e” “alongamento” “e” “resistência muscular” “e” “composição corporal” “e” “antropometria” “e” “índice de massa corporal”. Foram incluídos os estudos publicados em revistas e periódicos indexados, escritos em inglês ou português, ensaios clínicos randomizados, experimentais e quase-experimental, em adolescentes e adultos saudáveis (13 aos 44 anos), que usava o método Pilates (MP) como intervenção em pelo menos um dos grupos. Dos estudos inseridos nesta revisão, cinquenta foram incluídos com valores que variam de dois a oito de acordo com a escala PEDro; média 4,96, e mostram que o MP em adolescentes e adultos influenciou nos parâmetros de força, resistência, flexibilidade e volume muscular, postura, pregas cutâneas e algumas medidas de circunferência corporais, em diferentes volumes de treinamento. A maioria dos estudos utilizaram ferramentas de alto custo ou que necessitam de contato com o corpo do cliente/paciente, bem como, nenhum dos instrumentos utilizados avaliou todos segmentos corporais simultaneamente. No quinto estudo a intervenção correspondeu a aplicação de um programa 13 exercícios do MP, com duração de 45 minutos. Foram avaliados por termografia 11 regiões de interesse antes e imediatamente após o treinamento. Todos os procedimentos de avaliação foram padronizados. A estatística descritiva para determinação de medidas de tendência central, para comparação dos resultados nos dois momentos foi o teste T para amostras pareadas, mostrou diferenças significativas (p< 0,01). Os resultados remetem para a prescrição dos exercícios de Pilates em adultos, uma vez que ocorreram adaptações na dimensão funcional/motora e morfológica em seus praticantes que repercutem na manutenção da saúde e na redução dos riscos associados ao desenvolvimento de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. A termografia infravermelha parece ser capaz de demostrar a ativação muscular durante os exercícios de Pilates, permitindo identificar as regiões que são mais ativadas. Recomendamos que outros estudos com uso desse instrumento sejam realizados no Pilates a fim de facilitar compreensão dos seus respectivos exercícios.
The main objective of the present study is to analyze the acute effects of Pilates on the activation of trunk muscles, through infrared thermography, in healthy adults. Five studies were developed from 2019 to 2020. However, first, the four systematic reviews were developed, in order to understand the state of the art and how gaps for the investigation of Pilates as an intervention in healthy adolescents and adults. Searches were performed in the following databases: MEDLINE via PubMed, Scielo and Lilacs in the following terms and devices: "Pilates method" "and" "muscle activation" "and" "adolescents" "and" "healthy adults" "and" "Muscle activation" "and" "muscle assessment" "and" "strength" "and" "stretching" "and" "muscle endurance" “and” “body composition” “and” “anthropometry” “and” “body mass index”. Studies published in indexed journals and journals, written in English or Portuguese, randomized clinical trials, experimental and quasi-experimental, in healthy adolescents and adults (13 to 44 years), who used the Pilates method (MP) as intervention in at least one of the groups. Of the studies included in this review, fifty were included with values ranging from two to eight according to a PEDro scale; mean 4.96, and shows that MP in adolescents and adults influences the parameters of strength, endurance, flexibility and muscle volume, posture, skinfolds and some measures of body circumference, in different training volumes. Most studies use high-cost tools or that contact criteria with the client/patient's body, as well as none of the instruments used evaluated all body segments simultaneously. In the fifth study, the intervention corresponded to the application of a program of 13 PM exercises, lasting 45 minutes. Eleven regions of interest were taken by thermography before and immediately after training. All assessment procedures were standardized. Descriptive statistics to determine measures of central tendency to compare the results at both times was the t test for pairs, defined significant differences (p <0.01). The results refer to the prescription of Pilates exercises in adults, since there were adaptations in the functional/motor and morphological dimensions in its practitioners, which affect the maintenance of health and the reduction of risks associated with the development of non-communicable chronic diseases. Infrared thermography seems to be able to demonstrate muscle activation during Pilates exercises, allowing the identification of the regions that are more activated. We recommend that further studies using this instrument be carried out in Pilates in order to facilitate the understanding of your exercises.
The main objective of the present study is to analyze the acute effects of Pilates on the activation of trunk muscles, through infrared thermography, in healthy adults. Five studies were developed from 2019 to 2020. However, first, the four systematic reviews were developed, in order to understand the state of the art and how gaps for the investigation of Pilates as an intervention in healthy adolescents and adults. Searches were performed in the following databases: MEDLINE via PubMed, Scielo and Lilacs in the following terms and devices: "Pilates method" "and" "muscle activation" "and" "adolescents" "and" "healthy adults" "and" "Muscle activation" "and" "muscle assessment" "and" "strength" "and" "stretching" "and" "muscle endurance" “and” “body composition” “and” “anthropometry” “and” “body mass index”. Studies published in indexed journals and journals, written in English or Portuguese, randomized clinical trials, experimental and quasi-experimental, in healthy adolescents and adults (13 to 44 years), who used the Pilates method (MP) as intervention in at least one of the groups. Of the studies included in this review, fifty were included with values ranging from two to eight according to a PEDro scale; mean 4.96, and shows that MP in adolescents and adults influences the parameters of strength, endurance, flexibility and muscle volume, posture, skinfolds and some measures of body circumference, in different training volumes. Most studies use high-cost tools or that contact criteria with the client/patient's body, as well as none of the instruments used evaluated all body segments simultaneously. In the fifth study, the intervention corresponded to the application of a program of 13 PM exercises, lasting 45 minutes. Eleven regions of interest were taken by thermography before and immediately after training. All assessment procedures were standardized. Descriptive statistics to determine measures of central tendency to compare the results at both times was the t test for pairs, defined significant differences (p <0.01). The results refer to the prescription of Pilates exercises in adults, since there were adaptations in the functional/motor and morphological dimensions in its practitioners, which affect the maintenance of health and the reduction of risks associated with the development of non-communicable chronic diseases. Infrared thermography seems to be able to demonstrate muscle activation during Pilates exercises, allowing the identification of the regions that are more activated. We recommend that further studies using this instrument be carried out in Pilates in order to facilitate the understanding of your exercises.
Descrição
Este trabalho foi expressamente elaborado como tese original para efeito de obtenção do grau de Doutor em Ciências do Desporto
Palavras-chave
Pilates , termografia