Lesões articulares em poldros da raça Lusitana
Data
2022-10-20
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A avaliação das articulações em poldros e jovens cavalos através da radiografia permite a deteção precoce de lesões, de modo a poder ajustar as condições de maneio e aplicar os tratamentos adequados. A fisite é uma doença óssea de cavalos jovens em processo de desenvolvimento esquelético, que faz parte das condições osteocondrais juvenis. Afeta os poldros na sua fase mais ativa de ossificação endocondral, e tem etiologia incerta, que se pensa ser multifatorial. Por outro lado, a osteoartrite é uma condição que se caracteriza pela degeneração e perda da cartilagem articular e o desenvolvimento de osso novo intra ou periarticular. É um dos maiores fatores causadores de claudicação nos equinos. A sua etiologia está principalmente em qualquer condição que cause dano e/ou instabilidade na cartilagem.
Com este estudo, pretendeu-se detetar a presença de lesões radiográficas de fisite e osteoartrite em poldros da raça Puro-Sangue Lusitano, o seu desenvolvimento ao longo do tempo e ainda uma possível relação destas com a presença de lesões de osteocondrose. Para tal, avaliaram-se retrospetivamente as radiografias previamente realizadas a campo a 6 diferentes articulações de 65 poldros desta raça, em 5 períodos distintos da vida destes: com 1 mês de vida, 3 meses, 6 meses, 1 ano e 2 anos. As projeções incluídas neste estudo foram para todas as articulações a projeção lateromedial, com a exceção do curvilhão ao qual se acrescentaram as projeções dorsolateral-plantaromedial e dorsomedial-plantarolateral. As radiografias foram avaliadas em exclusivo pela mestranda e classificadas como positivas ou negativas às condições em estudo, seguindo os parâmetros tabelados.
Os resultados obtidos revelaram uma prevalência de lesões compatíveis com pelo menos uma das condições em estudo de 69.23% dos poldros. Quanto ao total das articulações analisadas (780), 13,6% destas foram classificadas como positivas a alguma das condições em pelo menos uma nas avaliações. Foram encontradas 106 alterações radiográficas no total. A articulação mais afetada foi o boleto (36,2% dos boletos positivos), seguidos das
quartelas (3,9% positivas) e, por último, os curvilhões, com 1,5% destes positivos. Não se encontraram achados radiográficos compatíveis com fisite e/ou OA nas soldras. A fase da vida dos poldros em que se detetou um maior número de alterações radiográficas foi aos 3 meses de idade.
A fisite afetou 63,1% dos animais estudados em algum momento de avaliação, sendo que a articulação com maior prevalência de lesões de fisite foi o boleto (34.5% afetados). Todas as lesões de fisite regrediram com o tempo, confirmando o seu carácter auto-limitante.
No que concerne à osteoartrite, esta afetou 10,8% dos animais estudados, e as quartelas e os curvilhões foram as articulações mais afetadas em igual percentagem (1.5% tanto das quartelas como dos curvilhões afetados). As lesões de osteoartrite encontradas mantiveram-se no decorrer do estudo até à última avaliação.
Dos animais classificados como positivos a fisite e/ou osteoartrite, foram encontradas lesões de osteocondrose em 37,8% destes. Especificamente nos boletos classificados como positivos a fisite, 12% apresentaram posteriormente lesões de osteocondrose, o que pode ser indicativo de uma relação entre estas duas doenças, ambas incluídas nas condições osteocondrais juvenis.
Joint evaluation in foals and young horses through radiology allows an early detection of lesions, in order to be able to adjust the breeding conditions and apply the appropriate treatments. Physitis is a bone pathology of young horses in the process of skeletal development, that is part of the juvenile osteochondral conditions. It affects foals in their most active phase of endochondral ossification, and has an uncertain etiology, that seems to be multifactorial. On the other hand, osteoarthritis is a condition that is characterized by the degeneration and loss of articular cartilage and the development of new intra or periarticular bone. It’s one of the biggest causes of lameness in horses. Its etiology is mostly any condition that causes cartilage damage and/or instability. The objective of the present study was to detect the presence of radiographic lesions of physitis and osteoarthritis in Puro-Sangue Lusitano foals, their development over time and a possible relationship between these and the presence of osteochondrosis lesions. With this purpose, we retrospectively evaluated a set of radiographs, previously taken in field conditions, of 6 joints of 65 foals of this breed, in 5 different periods of their lives: 1 month old, 3 months old, 6 months old, 1 year old and 2 years old. The views included in this study were, in all joints, lateromedial, and in the hock were added the dorsolateral-plantaromedial and dorsomedial-plantarolateral. The radiographic images’ analysis was performed exclusively by the author of this study, that classified the analised joints as positive or negative to the conditions in study, according to the labeled parameters. The results show a prevalence of lesions suggestive of at least one of the conditions in 69.23% of the foals. Regarding the joints in evaluation (780), 13,6% of these were classified as positive to at least one of the conditions at some point in their life. There were found 106 radiographic lesions. The fetlock was the most affected joint (36,2% positive fetlocks), followed by the pastern joint (3,9% positive pasterns) and, at last, the hock joint (1,5% positive hocks). There were no radiographic findings compatible with physitis and/or osteoarthritis found in the stifle joint. The 3 months evaluation was the time in the foals life that showed the highest number of radiographic findings. Physitis affected 63,1% of the animals in the study at some point of their life. The fetlock was the joint with the highest prevalence of physitis lesions (34,5% of affected fetlocks). All physitis lesions found regressed spontaneously with time, proving the self-limiting character of this condition. In what concerns osteoarthritis, it affected 10,8% of the studied animals, and the pastern and hock joints were the most affected, with a shared percentage (1,5% of affected pasterns and hocks). All osteoarthritis lesions found remained through the duration of the study until the last radiographic evaluation. Of the animals classified as positive to physitis and/or osteoarthritis, there were found osteochondrosis lesions in 37,8% foals. Specifically in fetlocks classified as positive to physitis, 12% showed posteriorly lesions of osteochondrosis, which may be indicative of a relationship between these two conditions, that are both included in the juvenile osteochondral conditions.
Joint evaluation in foals and young horses through radiology allows an early detection of lesions, in order to be able to adjust the breeding conditions and apply the appropriate treatments. Physitis is a bone pathology of young horses in the process of skeletal development, that is part of the juvenile osteochondral conditions. It affects foals in their most active phase of endochondral ossification, and has an uncertain etiology, that seems to be multifactorial. On the other hand, osteoarthritis is a condition that is characterized by the degeneration and loss of articular cartilage and the development of new intra or periarticular bone. It’s one of the biggest causes of lameness in horses. Its etiology is mostly any condition that causes cartilage damage and/or instability. The objective of the present study was to detect the presence of radiographic lesions of physitis and osteoarthritis in Puro-Sangue Lusitano foals, their development over time and a possible relationship between these and the presence of osteochondrosis lesions. With this purpose, we retrospectively evaluated a set of radiographs, previously taken in field conditions, of 6 joints of 65 foals of this breed, in 5 different periods of their lives: 1 month old, 3 months old, 6 months old, 1 year old and 2 years old. The views included in this study were, in all joints, lateromedial, and in the hock were added the dorsolateral-plantaromedial and dorsomedial-plantarolateral. The radiographic images’ analysis was performed exclusively by the author of this study, that classified the analised joints as positive or negative to the conditions in study, according to the labeled parameters. The results show a prevalence of lesions suggestive of at least one of the conditions in 69.23% of the foals. Regarding the joints in evaluation (780), 13,6% of these were classified as positive to at least one of the conditions at some point in their life. There were found 106 radiographic lesions. The fetlock was the most affected joint (36,2% positive fetlocks), followed by the pastern joint (3,9% positive pasterns) and, at last, the hock joint (1,5% positive hocks). There were no radiographic findings compatible with physitis and/or osteoarthritis found in the stifle joint. The 3 months evaluation was the time in the foals life that showed the highest number of radiographic findings. Physitis affected 63,1% of the animals in the study at some point of their life. The fetlock was the joint with the highest prevalence of physitis lesions (34,5% of affected fetlocks). All physitis lesions found regressed spontaneously with time, proving the self-limiting character of this condition. In what concerns osteoarthritis, it affected 10,8% of the studied animals, and the pastern and hock joints were the most affected, with a shared percentage (1,5% of affected pasterns and hocks). All osteoarthritis lesions found remained through the duration of the study until the last radiographic evaluation. Of the animals classified as positive to physitis and/or osteoarthritis, there were found osteochondrosis lesions in 37,8% foals. Specifically in fetlocks classified as positive to physitis, 12% showed posteriorly lesions of osteochondrosis, which may be indicative of a relationship between these two conditions, that are both included in the juvenile osteochondral conditions.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Palavras-chave
Poldros , Puro-Sangue Lusitano