Reutilização de Água: Utilização de águas cinzentas in situ
Ficheiros
Data
2009
Autores
Coutinho, Ana Cristina Ribeiro Afonso de Matos
Título da revista
ISSN da revista
Título do Volume
Editora
Resumo
A reutilização da água a nível nacional, tem passado pela reutilização da água em rega de espaços exteriores comuns, campos de golfe e jardins, após tratamento numa estação central de tratamento de água residual. Esta prática centralizada pode, todavia, não se revelar a mais vantajosa.
A reutilização da água in situ, que elimina os custos associados às instalações de bombagem das ETAR centrais para as redes de distribuição, pode ser económica e ambientalmente mais favorável. Por outro lado, permite o aproveitamento das águas menos poluídas, nomeadamente as águas cinzentas, o que facilitará, à partida, o seu tratamento. Porém, nesta perspectiva, algumas questões importantes se levantam, nomeadamente as que se prendem com a salvaguarda da saúde pública e com a garantia de viabilidade desta prática.
Com este trabalho, pretende dar-se um contributo para o conhecimento das características qualitativas e quantitativas das águas cinzentas, e darem-se a conhecer os resultados obtidos num sistema de tratamento simplificado, tendo em vista a reutilização in situ da água.
Numa primeira fase, fizeram-se várias campanhas de amostragem para analisar a qualidade das águas cinzentas. Em simultâneo levaram-se a cabo campanhas de medição da quantidade de água utilizada nas habitações e realizou-se um inquérito para o estudo da distribuição das descargas, ao longo do dia, dos vários aparelhos sanitários. Posteriormente com o apoio financeiro da Martifer II INOX, construiu-se um sistema onde se testou a aplicação de bentonite como processo de tratamento simplificado.
Water reuse in our country has been going through the reuse of water in the irrigation of outdoor spaces, golf courses and gardens, after treatment in a wastewater treatment plant. This centralized practice can, though, not be revealed as the most advantageous one. In situ water reuse, that eliminates the costs associated to the facilities of pumping wastewater from the central treatment plant for the distribution networks, can be less expensive and more favorable to the environment. On the other hand, it allows the use of the less polluted waters, namely the greywater, what will facilitate its treatment. However, in this perspective, some important issues can rise, namely the ones that have to do with the protection of the public health and with the warranty of viability of this practice. The aim of this work is to give a contribution for the knowledge of the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of greywater, and show the results obtained in a system of a simplified treatment, considering in situ reuse of water. In a first phase, several sampling campaigns were made to analyze greywater quality. Simultaneously it has been performed several campaigns to measure the amount of water used in the houses and was also made an inquiry for the study of the discharges distribution along the day, of the several sanitary devices. Later, with the financial supports of Martifer II INOX, a system was built where the bentonite application was tested as a process of simplified treatment.
Water reuse in our country has been going through the reuse of water in the irrigation of outdoor spaces, golf courses and gardens, after treatment in a wastewater treatment plant. This centralized practice can, though, not be revealed as the most advantageous one. In situ water reuse, that eliminates the costs associated to the facilities of pumping wastewater from the central treatment plant for the distribution networks, can be less expensive and more favorable to the environment. On the other hand, it allows the use of the less polluted waters, namely the greywater, what will facilitate its treatment. However, in this perspective, some important issues can rise, namely the ones that have to do with the protection of the public health and with the warranty of viability of this practice. The aim of this work is to give a contribution for the knowledge of the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of greywater, and show the results obtained in a system of a simplified treatment, considering in situ reuse of water. In a first phase, several sampling campaigns were made to analyze greywater quality. Simultaneously it has been performed several campaigns to measure the amount of water used in the houses and was also made an inquiry for the study of the discharges distribution along the day, of the several sanitary devices. Later, with the financial supports of Martifer II INOX, a system was built where the bentonite application was tested as a process of simplified treatment.
Descrição
Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências de Engenharia - Engenharia Civil
Palavras-chave
Reutilização in situ , Águas cinzentas , Tratamento