Sítios históricos e arqueológicos da mineração de Morro Velho: um presente para uma velha história-teoria e prática para sustentabilidade e retorno social
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2014-11-10
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Contexto: uma mineração aurífera com 270 anos de vida (1725-1995) e 161 anos de produção (1834-1995) e o risco de apagamento de sua memória. Problema de pesquisa: Como a proteção e a gestão do espaço onde funcionou a Mina de Morro Velho, Nova Lima, MG, devem ser organizadas com o fim de obter resultados para o desenvolvimento sustentável do município calcado na fruição, criatividade e preservação? Objetivo geral: identificar o complexo da Mina de Morro Velho como um sítio arqueológico e histórico de grande importância mineira e brasileira que está sendo confrontada com o desenvolvimento urbano contemporâneo de Nova Lima, MG. Objetivos intermediários: identificar a importância da mineração na construção do antigo quadro de relações sociais e econômicas; buscar esclarecer a questão da relação entre arqueologia pública e construção acadêmica de novo conhecimento e sua socialização através da educação patrimonial e de processos de construção coletiva de conhecimento; abordar a importância de colocar no centro do processo a investigação, explicando seus mecanismos e promovendo a noção de rigor acadêmico nas reconstruções históricas; e inserir o questionamento sobre quais novas relações podem/devem se estabelecer com os chamados ‘recursos’ naturais e culturais. Material: sítios históricos e arqueológicos de Morro Velho. Métodos: percursos metodológicos baseados na Arqueologia da Paisagem, na Gestão de Território e na Abordagem Paideia por meio das seguintes estratégias: (1) caracterização do território desde meados do século XVIII e a inserção humana na modificação e interação com o cenário atual; (2) por meio de pesquisa in situ a solidificação de informações arqueológicas, patrimoniais e ambientais obtidas por meio da literatura, trabalhos acadêmicos, documentos históricos e relatórios; (3) compreensão do passado recente da história dos colonizadores pela sua aventura exploratória, identificando e caracterizando o processo de localização dos sítios, sua hierarquia administrativa, comercial ou logística, a organização da produção e do comércio e de sua governança; e (4) a possibilidade da articulação de três vertentes principais: conservação, relação com a população local e valorização turística. A interação entre a comunidade local, a comunidade científica e os operadores do setor turístico tem como principal objetivo promover um turismo cultural nomeadamente arqueológico, em que sua importância no âmbito de um desenvolvimento equilibrado merece que haja sustentabilidade econômica, social, ambiental e cultural. Resultados: constatação de que sítios históricos formados por edificações e desenvolvimentos tecnológicos estarem sendo abandonados, sem preservação e conhecimento por parte da população, sem qualquer projeto de fruição e retorno social e cultural, porque se sabe que qualquer patrimônio só é defensável se for portador de um projeto de futuro. As escavações iniciais realizadas na Fábrica de Cadinhos denotam sedimentos acumulados ao longo do tempo, e esses sedimentos já contam histórias. Foram trabalhados recursos documentais e ambientais no intuito de avaliar, histórica e arqueologicamente, um território onde floresceu uma comunidade tecnológica ex-agrária entre 1834 a 1958. Buscou-se fundar no amadurecimento da arqueologia, que consistiu em se descolar cada vez mais de um processo literário-lógico tradicional, de um saber teórico, para se ancorar na observação da realidade, criando um método para dissecá-la e descrevê-la. Conclusões: urge resgatar a memória da Mina de Morro Velho que, durante 161 anos de atividade contínua teve como produção acumulada 39 milhões de toneladas de minério e 455 toneladas de ouro metálico. Este resultado só foi possível graças a muito esforço de trabalho e amplo desenvolvimento tecnológico e de gestão. Todas as edificações e os indícios atualmente disponíveis estão prontos para o resgate de sua memória. Sugestões: Por meio de algumas estratégias, sugere-se um Roteiro Cultural e Turístico dos Sítios Históricos e Arqueológicos de Morro Velho.
Context: a gold mining aged 270 years (1725-1995) and 161 years of production (1834-1995) and the risk of erasing its memory. Search problem: how the space’s protection and management where existed the mine Morro Velho, Nova Lima, MG, should be organized in order to achieve results for the municipality sustainable development based on enjoyment, creativity and preservation? Aim: identify the Morro Velho mine complex as a historical and archaeological site of Minas Gerais and Brazilian great significance that is being confronted with the contemporary urban development of Nova Lima, MG. Intermediate objectives: identify the importance of mining in the old framework of social and economic relations’ construction; seek to clarify the issue of the relationship between public archeology and academic construction of a new knowledge and its equity through education and socialization processes of collective construction of knowledge; addressing the importance in situating the investigation in the Centre of the process, explaining their mechanisms and promoting the notion of academic rigor in historical reconstructions; and insert the questioning about which new relationships may/must settle with the so-called natural and cultural "features". Material: historical and archaeological sites of Morro Velho. Methods: methodological pathways based on Landscape Archaeology, the Territory Management and Paideia Approach through the following strategies: (1) characterization of the territory since the mid-18th century and the insertion and modification of human interaction with the current scenario; (2) through research in situ, the solidification of archaeological, heritage and environmental information obtained through literature, scholarly works, historical documents and reports; (3) the settlers’ recent past history due to their exploratory adventure understanding, identifying and characterizing the sites location process, its administrative hierarchy, commercial or logistics, the organization of production and trade and its governance; and (4) the three main areas’ articulation possibility: conservation, relationship with the local population and tourist valorization. The interaction between the local community, the scientific community and the tourist industry operators has as main objective to promote cultural tourism archaeological in particular, in which its importance in the context of a balanced development deserves to be economic, social, environmental and cultural sustainability. Results: finding that historic sites consisting of buildings and technological developments are being abandoned, without preservation and knowledge on the part of the population, without any project of enjoyment and social and cultural return, because one knows any equity is only defensible if it exists a project in the future. Initial excavations carried out at the crucibles factory denote sediments accumulated over time, and these sediments already tell stories. Documentary and environmental resources were worked in order to evaluate historical and archeologically a territory where flourished a technological ex-agrarian community from 1834 to 1958. One sought to establish in the maturation of archaeology, which consisted in increasingly launching since a literary/logical traditional process, a theoretical knowledge, to anchor in the reality observation, creating a method to dissect it and describe it. Conclusions: urge to rescue the Morro Velho mine memory, which during 161-years continuous activity had accumulated 39 million tons of ore and 455 tons of metallic gold production. This result was only possible thanks to much work effort and extensive technological and management development. All the buildings and the evidence currently available are ready for their memory rescue. Suggestions: through some strategies, one suggests a Cultural and Touristic Itinerary of Morro Velho Historical and Archaeological Sites.
Context: a gold mining aged 270 years (1725-1995) and 161 years of production (1834-1995) and the risk of erasing its memory. Search problem: how the space’s protection and management where existed the mine Morro Velho, Nova Lima, MG, should be organized in order to achieve results for the municipality sustainable development based on enjoyment, creativity and preservation? Aim: identify the Morro Velho mine complex as a historical and archaeological site of Minas Gerais and Brazilian great significance that is being confronted with the contemporary urban development of Nova Lima, MG. Intermediate objectives: identify the importance of mining in the old framework of social and economic relations’ construction; seek to clarify the issue of the relationship between public archeology and academic construction of a new knowledge and its equity through education and socialization processes of collective construction of knowledge; addressing the importance in situating the investigation in the Centre of the process, explaining their mechanisms and promoting the notion of academic rigor in historical reconstructions; and insert the questioning about which new relationships may/must settle with the so-called natural and cultural "features". Material: historical and archaeological sites of Morro Velho. Methods: methodological pathways based on Landscape Archaeology, the Territory Management and Paideia Approach through the following strategies: (1) characterization of the territory since the mid-18th century and the insertion and modification of human interaction with the current scenario; (2) through research in situ, the solidification of archaeological, heritage and environmental information obtained through literature, scholarly works, historical documents and reports; (3) the settlers’ recent past history due to their exploratory adventure understanding, identifying and characterizing the sites location process, its administrative hierarchy, commercial or logistics, the organization of production and trade and its governance; and (4) the three main areas’ articulation possibility: conservation, relationship with the local population and tourist valorization. The interaction between the local community, the scientific community and the tourist industry operators has as main objective to promote cultural tourism archaeological in particular, in which its importance in the context of a balanced development deserves to be economic, social, environmental and cultural sustainability. Results: finding that historic sites consisting of buildings and technological developments are being abandoned, without preservation and knowledge on the part of the population, without any project of enjoyment and social and cultural return, because one knows any equity is only defensible if it exists a project in the future. Initial excavations carried out at the crucibles factory denote sediments accumulated over time, and these sediments already tell stories. Documentary and environmental resources were worked in order to evaluate historical and archeologically a territory where flourished a technological ex-agrarian community from 1834 to 1958. One sought to establish in the maturation of archaeology, which consisted in increasingly launching since a literary/logical traditional process, a theoretical knowledge, to anchor in the reality observation, creating a method to dissect it and describe it. Conclusions: urge to rescue the Morro Velho mine memory, which during 161-years continuous activity had accumulated 39 million tons of ore and 455 tons of metallic gold production. This result was only possible thanks to much work effort and extensive technological and management development. All the buildings and the evidence currently available are ready for their memory rescue. Suggestions: through some strategies, one suggests a Cultural and Touristic Itinerary of Morro Velho Historical and Archaeological Sites.
Descrição
Tese de Doutoramento em Quaternário: Materiais e Cultura
Palavras-chave
Arqueologia , Mina de Morro Velho (Nova Lima, Brasil) , Sítios históricos