Decision support concerning demand response programs design and use in smart grids
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2016
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No âmbito dos mercados competitivos de energia elétrica, o uso da demand response
tem crescido consideravelmente, enquanto a sua adequação ao suporte da forte penetração de
recursos energéticos distribuídos tem-se revelado uma grande oportunidade. Para um uso
ainda maior da demand response é necessário, por um lado, tratar de barreiras legais e
regulatórias. Por outro lado, são necessários novos modelos de negócio e metodologias para a
caracterização dos consumidores, nomeadamente contemplando a agregação de recursos
energéticos. Uma participação mais ativa dos consumidores poderá melhorar a fiabilidade do
sistema e diminuir ou diferir investimentos em novas unidades de produção de energia
elétrica, sempre garantindo o nível adequado de conforto dos consumidores.
O SPIDER, um sistema de apoio à decisão concebido no âmbito desta tese, permite o
estudo das ações e programas de demand response considerando também a produção
distribuída e as questões técnicas da rede de distribuição, nomeadamente no âmbito das smart
grids. Este sistema permite a validação técnica das soluções obtidas através de simulação em
tempo real. O SPIDER apoia a decisão, no que diz respeito ao desenvolvimento e uso
adequado dos programas de demand response.
A contribuição nuclear desta tese está em provar que é possível usar os programas de
demand response para melhorar a eficácia de operação das redes elétricas, nomeadamente
considerando também a produção distribuída. É focalizada a participação de consumidores de
dimensão reduzida através da agregação. As contribuições que sustentam esta tese incluem a
classificação, agregação, modelação e remuneração de consumidores, a deslocação de
consumos, a definição da duração de um evento de demand response, preços em tempo real
para gestão de produção eólica, e o uso de técnicas heurísticas em problemas de otimização.
Foram implementados diversos casos de estudo de modo a ilustrar a adequação de cada
uma das metodologias desenvolvidas bem como para demonstrar a contribuição de cada uma destas para a formalização da contribuição nuclear da tese.
In competitive electricity markets demand response use has been raised, while its effectiveness in addressing the intensive integration of distributed energy resources as the case of renewable intermittent sources has been identified as a great opportunity. In order to foster the use of demand response, in one hand, legal and regulatory issues must be solved and clarified. On the other hand, improved business models and consumer characterization approaches, namely considering the resource aggregation, are required. More active and effective consumers’ participation can help improving the system reliability and decrease or defer the required investments, always taking into account the guarantee of adequate comfort levels. SPIDER, a decision support system developed in the scope of this thesis, provides tools for addressing demand response actions and schemes, while considering also distributed generation and network issues, namely in the scope of smart grids. It undertakes the technical validation of the solution using realistic network simulation with real time digital simulation performance. SPIDER is able to support decision making concerning demand response programs design and use. The core contribution of this thesis relies on the proof of the ability of the demand response programs to improve the effectiveness of the network operation, also considering distributed generation. The focus is given to the participation of small size consumers through the aggregation provided by several aggregation entities. The key contributions that support the thesis include consumer modeling and classification, consumption shifting, event duration definition, real time pricing for wind integration, demand response and distributed generation, aggregation, remuneration, and the use of metaheuristic approaches. A set of adequate case studies have been implemented in order to support the illustration of the effectiveness of each methodology and approach and to demonstrate how each of them contribute to the core contribution of the thesis.
In competitive electricity markets demand response use has been raised, while its effectiveness in addressing the intensive integration of distributed energy resources as the case of renewable intermittent sources has been identified as a great opportunity. In order to foster the use of demand response, in one hand, legal and regulatory issues must be solved and clarified. On the other hand, improved business models and consumer characterization approaches, namely considering the resource aggregation, are required. More active and effective consumers’ participation can help improving the system reliability and decrease or defer the required investments, always taking into account the guarantee of adequate comfort levels. SPIDER, a decision support system developed in the scope of this thesis, provides tools for addressing demand response actions and schemes, while considering also distributed generation and network issues, namely in the scope of smart grids. It undertakes the technical validation of the solution using realistic network simulation with real time digital simulation performance. SPIDER is able to support decision making concerning demand response programs design and use. The core contribution of this thesis relies on the proof of the ability of the demand response programs to improve the effectiveness of the network operation, also considering distributed generation. The focus is given to the participation of small size consumers through the aggregation provided by several aggregation entities. The key contributions that support the thesis include consumer modeling and classification, consumption shifting, event duration definition, real time pricing for wind integration, demand response and distributed generation, aggregation, remuneration, and the use of metaheuristic approaches. A set of adequate case studies have been implemented in order to support the illustration of the effectiveness of each methodology and approach and to demonstrate how each of them contribute to the core contribution of the thesis.
Descrição
Tese de Doutoramento em Engenharia Eletrotécnica e de Computadores
Palavras-chave
Consumidores , Recursos energéticos , Gestão , Simulação de rede