Força em jogadores de futebol profissional e categorias de base de acordo com as posições táticas
Ficheiros
Data
2017-02-15
Autores
Título da revista
ISSN da revista
Título do Volume
Editora
Resumo
O futebol é considerado uma das modalidades desportivas mais praticadas em todo o mundo e precisa-se cada vez mais estudos em relação as capacidades motoras envolvidas, sendo a força uma variável importantíssima. Este estudo caracterizou-se como causal comparativo, envolvendo três categorias de futebol de campo (Sub-15, Sub-17 e Profissional), totalizando 75 atletas todos cadastrados na Federação Gaúcha de Futebol participantes de um clube da cidade Passo Fundo, RS, Brasil. As coletas de dados foram realizadas em dois períodos de treinamento, no preparatório e competitivo, com intervalo de três meses. Foram medidas as variáveis idade, estatura, massa corporal, perimetrias de coxa e perna, força de preensão palmar, tração lombar, levantamento de pernas, impulsão horizontal e vertical, pico de torque por meio da força isocinética de flexão e extensão de joelho em duas velocidades angulares de 60°/s e 300°/s, e déficit muscular entre lado dominante e não dominante. O presente estudo teve como objetivo principal medir e correlacionar estas variáveis de forças entre as categorias e de acordo com as posições táticas. Todos os resultados foram planificados no Excel e posteriormente tratados no SPSS versão 19.0, analisando a média e desvio padrão. Foi aplicado o teste t de student, verificando os valores do período preparatório com o competitivo, ANOVA One-Way para verificar os valores entre as categorias e entre as posições táticas e a Correlação de Pearson entre as variáveis de força do estudo, respeitando um intervalo de confiança de 95% nos testes estatísticos aplicados. Os resultados apresentados demonstraram que não houve déficit de equilíbrio muscular além da normalidade em cada categoria. Verificou-se que os profissionais foram os atletas mais fortes em relação ao pico de torque comparado com as categorias de base. Em relação as posições táticas no pico de torque os goleiros e zagueiros tiveram uma leve diferença de força comparando com as outras posições. No período competitivo as variáveis analisadas geralmente foram superiores ao período preparatório. Na impulsão vertical e horizontal os atletas do Sub-17 tiveram médias superiores as outras categorias. Na preensão palmar os Sub-17 e Profissionais tiveram valores superiores ao Sub-15. Em relação as perimetrias de coxa e perna os profissionais obteram valores superiores as outras categorias. Houve diferenças significativas e forte correlação na tração lombar com levantamento de pernas, no levantamento de pernas com extensão e flexão de joelho no isocinético; na preensão palmar dominante com a não dominante e impulsão horizontal com a vertical. Em relação ao pico de torque de joelho correlacionou-se muito com a massa corporal e estatura dos atletas de futebol em ambas as categorias e períodos, apresentando diferenças estatísticas significativas. Portanto, estes achados vêm a contribuir para informações sobre medidas e correlações de forças nestas categorias envolvidas do futebol, auxiliando para futuros trabalhos com categorias de base até ao profissional, procurando não pular etapas destes atletas respeitando sua idade.
Football is considered one of the most practiced sports in the world, and more studies involving motor skills are needed, especially on force, which is a very important variable in this sport. This investigation was characterized as comparative causal study, involving three field football categories (U-15, U-17, and Professional), with a total of 75 athletes, all registered in the Gaúcha Football Federation, players of a club in the city of Passo Fundo, Brazil . The data collection was performed in two periods of training: preseason and competitive; with an interval of three months between them. Measures of age, height, body mass, thigh and leg perimeter, handgrip strength, back strength, leg lifts, horizontal and vertical jump, peak torque through isokinetic strength of knee flexion and extension in two angular velocities of 60 ° / s and 300 ° / s, and muscle deficit between dominant and non-dominant side were taken. This study aimed to correlate these force variables between categories and according to tactical positions. All results were planned in Excel and further processed in SPSS version 19.0, analyzing the mean and standard deviation. We applied the Student t test, checking the values of the preseason to the competitive, one-way ANOVA to check the values between categories and between tactical positions, and the Pearson correlation between the force variables, the 95% confidence interval was applied. The results showed no muscle balance deficit beyond the normal range in each category. It was found that professional players were the strongest athletes in the peak torque compared to the youth categories. Regarding the tactical positions in peak torque, goalkeepers and defenders had a slight difference in force compared to the other positions. In the competitive period the variables analyzed generally were higher than the preseason period. The U-17 athletes had averages above the other categories in the vertical and horizontal push. In the handgrip, the U-17 and professional players had values above the U-15. Regarding the thigh and leg perimeters, professional players presented greater values than the other categories. There were significant and strong correlation differences in low back traction with leg lifts; in the lifting legs extension with knee flexion in isokinetic; and also in the dominant handgrip with the non-dominant and horizontal thrust to the vertical. Regarding the peak knee torque, a strong correlation between the body mass and height of the soccer players in both categories and periods was found, showing statistically significant differences. Therefore, these findings have to contribute to information on measures and correlations of forces involved in these categories of football, helping further researchers and coaches from the youth to the professional categories, trying not to skip steps of these athletes, respecting their age.
Football is considered one of the most practiced sports in the world, and more studies involving motor skills are needed, especially on force, which is a very important variable in this sport. This investigation was characterized as comparative causal study, involving three field football categories (U-15, U-17, and Professional), with a total of 75 athletes, all registered in the Gaúcha Football Federation, players of a club in the city of Passo Fundo, Brazil . The data collection was performed in two periods of training: preseason and competitive; with an interval of three months between them. Measures of age, height, body mass, thigh and leg perimeter, handgrip strength, back strength, leg lifts, horizontal and vertical jump, peak torque through isokinetic strength of knee flexion and extension in two angular velocities of 60 ° / s and 300 ° / s, and muscle deficit between dominant and non-dominant side were taken. This study aimed to correlate these force variables between categories and according to tactical positions. All results were planned in Excel and further processed in SPSS version 19.0, analyzing the mean and standard deviation. We applied the Student t test, checking the values of the preseason to the competitive, one-way ANOVA to check the values between categories and between tactical positions, and the Pearson correlation between the force variables, the 95% confidence interval was applied. The results showed no muscle balance deficit beyond the normal range in each category. It was found that professional players were the strongest athletes in the peak torque compared to the youth categories. Regarding the tactical positions in peak torque, goalkeepers and defenders had a slight difference in force compared to the other positions. In the competitive period the variables analyzed generally were higher than the preseason period. The U-17 athletes had averages above the other categories in the vertical and horizontal push. In the handgrip, the U-17 and professional players had values above the U-15. Regarding the thigh and leg perimeters, professional players presented greater values than the other categories. There were significant and strong correlation differences in low back traction with leg lifts; in the lifting legs extension with knee flexion in isokinetic; and also in the dominant handgrip with the non-dominant and horizontal thrust to the vertical. Regarding the peak knee torque, a strong correlation between the body mass and height of the soccer players in both categories and periods was found, showing statistically significant differences. Therefore, these findings have to contribute to information on measures and correlations of forces involved in these categories of football, helping further researchers and coaches from the youth to the professional categories, trying not to skip steps of these athletes, respecting their age.
Descrição
Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências do Desporto
Palavras-chave
Futebol , Força , Pico de torque , Posição tática