A influência de múltiplas variáveis no desempenho motor de escolares
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2019-09-19
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Pesquisas revelam grandes alterações no estilo de vida adotado pelos indivíduos nas últimas décadas, tais alterações tornam-se preocupantes por apontarem dados prejudiciais aos aspectos de saúde dos indivíduos, uma vez que a inatividade física traz sérias implicações para adultos, jovens e crianças. Este estudo objetivou analisar os efeitos de múltiplas variáveis sobre o desempenho motor de 242 escolares brasileiros, de ambos os gêneros de 7 a 9 anos de idade do ensino fundamental da cidade de Manaus-Am. Para tanto, a tese foi organizada a partir de 3 estudos com objetivos distintos com vistas a atender o objetivo geral proposto. O estudo 1 verificou o efeito da idade e do gênero na competência motora (CM), atividades de vida diária (EVIA) e auto eficácia percebida (PEGS) Verificou-se que a idade e o gênero tiveram efeito sobre o equilíbrio dos escolares, sendo que as meninas mais novas apresentam resultados superiores. Os meninos de todas as faixas etárias apresentaram maior envolvimento em atividades dinâmicas enquanto as meninas caracterizam-se pelo engajamento em atividades mais passivas como auxiliar nas tarefas domésticas, ler e estudar. O estudo 2 analisou o efeito da idade, gênero e aspectos nutricionais sobre o desempenho motor, observando que a idade esteve associada aos maiores índices de estatura corporal, peso e dobras cutâneas, com superioridade apresentada para os escolares mais velhos. A maioria dos escolares foi classificado como eutrófico (IMC adequado para a idade) e as taxas mais elevadas de sobrepeso foram observadas nos escolares de 8 anos para o sexo masculino e obesidade para as meninas de 9 anos. Foi encontrado efeito significativo da idade e sexo sobre a destreza manual, lançar e receber, equilíbrio. O estudo 3 investigou a associação entre o desempenho motor, a aptidão física, as rotinas de vida diária e a auto eficácia percebida em atividade de vida diária de escolares. Os hábitos de vida foram considerados saudáveis para ambos os sexos como ir à escola a pé, brincar com amigos, jogar bola e andar de bicicleta. Além disso, o modelo de regressão apontou associação entre a aptidão física, auto eficácia percebida e as atividades de vida diária com o desempenho motor dos escolares (habilidades de destreza manual, lançar e receber e equilíbrio), com destaque para a flexibilidade e preensão manual sobre as destrezas manuais. Os resultados encontrados são relevantes para os escolares da região Norte do país, uma vez que traçam um perfil que possibilita o conhecimento do desempenho motor das crianças, associado a fatores de aptidão física, psicológicos (auto eficácia percebida) e das atividades rotineiras dos mesmos. Estas avaliações podem servir de subsídios para os professores de educação física que desenvolvem atividades para esta população, na medida em que conhecem as limitações e potencialidades apresentadas pelos escolares. A tese apresenta importantes contribuições ao avaliar os efeitos das múltiplas variáveis sobre o desempenho dos escolares, mas também é importante reportar algumas limitações que se referem aos instrumentos utilizados para as avaliações psicológica e de hábitos de vida que podem restringir a avaliação de alguns aspectos como motivação e atividades praticadas, respectivamente.
Research reveals major changes in the lifestyle adopted by individuals in the last decades, such alterations become worrisome to point out data prejudicial to the health aspects of the individuals, since the physical inactivity brings serious implications for adults, young people and children. This study aimed to analyze the effects of multiple variables on the motor performance of 242 Brazilian schoolchildren, from both genders from 7 to 9 years of elementary school in the city of Manaus-Am. For that, the thesis was organized from three studies with distinct objectives in order to meet the proposed general objective. Study 1 verified the effect of age and gender on motor competence (CM), activities of daily living (EVIA) and perceived self-efficacy (PEGS). Age and gender were found to have an effect on school balance. that younger girls show superior results. Boys of all age groups were more involved in dynamic activities while girls were characterized by engaging in more passive activities such as helping with household chores, reading and studying. Study 2 analyzed the effect of age, gender and nutritional aspects on motor performance, noting that age was associated with higher body height, weight and skinfold indexes, with superiority presented to older schoolchildren. Most schoolchildren were classified as eutrophic (age-appropriate BMI) and the highest rates of overweight were observed in schoolchildren aged 8 years for males and obesity for girls aged 9 years. It was found significant effect of age and sex on manual dexterity, throw and receive, balance. Study 3 investigated the association between motor performance, physical fitness, routines of daily living and perceived self-efficacy in daily life activity of schoolchildren. Life habits were considered healthy for both sexes such as going to school on foot, playing with friends, playing ball and riding a bicycle. In addition, the regression model showed an association between physical fitness, perceived self-efficacy and daily life activities with students' motor performance (manual dexterity, throw and receive and balance), with emphasis on flexibility and manual grip about manual skills. The results found are relevant for schoolchildren in the Northern region of the country, since they outline a profile that allows the knowledge of children's motor performance, associated with physical, psychological (perceived self efficacy) and routine activities. These evaluations may serve as subsidies for physical education teachers who carry out activities for this population, insofar as they know the limitations and potentialities presented by the students. The thesis presents important contributions in evaluating the effects of the multiple variables on the performance of the students, but it is also important to report some limitations that refer to the instruments used for psychological assessments and life habits that may restrict the evaluation of some aspects such as motivation and activities practiced respectively.
Research reveals major changes in the lifestyle adopted by individuals in the last decades, such alterations become worrisome to point out data prejudicial to the health aspects of the individuals, since the physical inactivity brings serious implications for adults, young people and children. This study aimed to analyze the effects of multiple variables on the motor performance of 242 Brazilian schoolchildren, from both genders from 7 to 9 years of elementary school in the city of Manaus-Am. For that, the thesis was organized from three studies with distinct objectives in order to meet the proposed general objective. Study 1 verified the effect of age and gender on motor competence (CM), activities of daily living (EVIA) and perceived self-efficacy (PEGS). Age and gender were found to have an effect on school balance. that younger girls show superior results. Boys of all age groups were more involved in dynamic activities while girls were characterized by engaging in more passive activities such as helping with household chores, reading and studying. Study 2 analyzed the effect of age, gender and nutritional aspects on motor performance, noting that age was associated with higher body height, weight and skinfold indexes, with superiority presented to older schoolchildren. Most schoolchildren were classified as eutrophic (age-appropriate BMI) and the highest rates of overweight were observed in schoolchildren aged 8 years for males and obesity for girls aged 9 years. It was found significant effect of age and sex on manual dexterity, throw and receive, balance. Study 3 investigated the association between motor performance, physical fitness, routines of daily living and perceived self-efficacy in daily life activity of schoolchildren. Life habits were considered healthy for both sexes such as going to school on foot, playing with friends, playing ball and riding a bicycle. In addition, the regression model showed an association between physical fitness, perceived self-efficacy and daily life activities with students' motor performance (manual dexterity, throw and receive and balance), with emphasis on flexibility and manual grip about manual skills. The results found are relevant for schoolchildren in the Northern region of the country, since they outline a profile that allows the knowledge of children's motor performance, associated with physical, psychological (perceived self efficacy) and routine activities. These evaluations may serve as subsidies for physical education teachers who carry out activities for this population, insofar as they know the limitations and potentialities presented by the students. The thesis presents important contributions in evaluating the effects of the multiple variables on the performance of the students, but it is also important to report some limitations that refer to the instruments used for psychological assessments and life habits that may restrict the evaluation of some aspects such as motivation and activities practiced respectively.
Descrição
Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências do Desporto
Palavras-chave
Aptidão Física , Auto eficácia percebida