Avaliação das infestantes do olival da Beira Interior, enquanto fonte de alimento para inimigos naturais das pragas da cultura
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2014-01-28
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A parte experimental do presente estudo decorreu no Outono de 2009 e na Primavera de 2010, na região da Beira Interior, que é das principais regiões olivícolas portuguesas. Com a sua concretização pretendeu-se contribuir para identificar espécies da flora espontânea do olival potencialmente interessante no incremento das populações de inimigos naturais das principais pragas da cultura, ao facultar-lhes alimento, na forma de pólen e/ou néctar. Nesse sentido, identificaram-se as espécies em floração nos períodos em estudo, estimou-se a sua abundância e frequência e procedeu-se à caracterização sumária de aspectos considerados de interesse do ponto de vista em análise, concretamente o tipo fisionómico, a simetria das flores e a concrescência e cor da corola. No conjunto dos 20 olivais amostrados identificaram-se 28 espécies em floração, pertencentes a 15 famílias no Outono e 52 espécies, pertencentes a 17 famílias na Primavera. Das famílias identificadas destaca-se a das asteráceas, quer pela abundância e frequência com que ocorreu, quer pelo facto de ser referida na bibliografia como importante fonte de alimento para importantes inimigos naturais das pragas do olival, designadamente na família dos sirfídeos. Em contrapartida foi relativamente escassa a abundância e frequência da família das apiáceas, referida como particularmente interessante para algumas espécies de inimigos naturais, designadamente no grupo dos microhimenópteros.
A study was conducted during the autumn of 2009 and the spring of 2010 in Beira Interior region, which is one of the most important olive producing area of Portugal, in order to gain knowledge about native plants from this agroecosystem potentially interesting for providing food resources (i.e. pollen and/or nectar) to natural enemies from the main crop pests. The species that were flowering during the studied period were identified and plant and flower characteristics reported as valuable for the intended objectives were registered. A total of 28 plants flowering from 15 families were identified during the autumn, while 52 flowering species from 17 families were identified during the spring. From the identified families one of the most abundant and frequent was that of the Asteraceae, which is reported in the literature as a suitable food source for important natural enemies from the olive agroecosystem, namely in which concerns the Syrphidae. On the other hand Apiaceae, which are considered as very interesting food resources for important species of natural enemies, namely within the microhymenoptera, were both low abundant and infrequent.
A study was conducted during the autumn of 2009 and the spring of 2010 in Beira Interior region, which is one of the most important olive producing area of Portugal, in order to gain knowledge about native plants from this agroecosystem potentially interesting for providing food resources (i.e. pollen and/or nectar) to natural enemies from the main crop pests. The species that were flowering during the studied period were identified and plant and flower characteristics reported as valuable for the intended objectives were registered. A total of 28 plants flowering from 15 families were identified during the autumn, while 52 flowering species from 17 families were identified during the spring. From the identified families one of the most abundant and frequent was that of the Asteraceae, which is reported in the literature as a suitable food source for important natural enemies from the olive agroecosystem, namely in which concerns the Syrphidae. On the other hand Apiaceae, which are considered as very interesting food resources for important species of natural enemies, namely within the microhymenoptera, were both low abundant and infrequent.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Agronómica
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Fitocenose , Melada , Néctar , Pólen , Parasitóide , Predador