The w/w+ somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) of Drosophila melanogaster for detecting antigenotoxic activity
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2020-03-12
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INTECHOPEN LIMITED
Resumo
Genotoxicological studies are emerging as fundamental for knowing the hazards
to our genome, to our health. Drosophila melanogaster is one of the preferable
organisms for toxicological research considering its metabolic similarities (viz. on
dietary input, xenobiotic metabolizing system, antioxidant enzymes and DNA
repair systems) to mammals. Accordingly, somatic mutation and recombination
tests (SMARTs) of D. melanogaster are fast and low-cost in vivo assays that have
shown solid results evaluating genotoxicity. The w/w+ SMART uses the white (w)
gene as a recessive marker to monitor the presence of mutant ommatidia (eye
units), indicating the occurrence of point mutations, deletions, mitotic recombination
or/and nondisjunction. Additionally, several studies used SMARTs to assess
antigenotoxicity, with some using the w/w+ SMART. We reviewed the state of the
art of the w/w+ SMART used for antigenotoxicity analysis, focusing on published
results, aiming to contribute to the conception of a reliable protocol in antigenotoxicity.
As such, genotoxic agents with known action mechanisms, as streptonigrin
(oxidative stress inducer), were used as a genotoxic insult for proving the
antigenotoxic effects of natural substances (e.g. seaweeds), demonstrating the
presence of antimutagens in their composition. These antigenotoxicity studies are
crucial for promoting preventive measures against environmental genotoxics that
affect humans daily.
Descrição
Over the years, many investigations in DNA damage and DNA repair mechanisms
were made, in vitro and in vivo, aiming to know our environment and thus
identifying the harmful compounds to our genome, to our health, leading to preventive
actions such as prohibiting the commercialization of certain drugs, construction
materials, foods and drinks.
Palavras-chave
DNA damage , Antigenotoxicity
Citação
Gaivão et al (2020)