Análise Técnica, Energética e Económica de Soluções de Paredes Exteriores de Edifícios
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2011
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Na presente conjuntura socioeconómica torna-se imprescindível atender a um novo olhar para o desenvolvimento da indústria da construção.
São cada vez maiores as preocupações para com o meio ambiente, com as crescentes exigências em termos de necessidades de conforto e com a promulgação de edifícios autosustentáveis.
Com os recursos energéticos derivados de combustíveis fósseis existentes a esgotarem-se naturalmente, a facturação crescente relativa ao consumo energético quer a nível habitacional, quer a nível de comércio e indústria quer a nível dos transportes e as dificuldades económicas que têm vindo a surgir ao longo do tempo, torna-se mesmo fundamental implementar mudanças no comportamento humano no que compete ao uso e aproveitamento de energia, como um dos pilares do desenvolvimento sustentável.
As alterações introduzidas pelos novos Regulamentos do Comportamento Térmico e dos Sistemas Energéticos e de Climatização dos Edifícios conduziram a novas imposições construtivas na tipologia de materiais a utilizar e na metodologia de construção. Também a sensibilização promovida pelo governo em harmonia com algumas empresas ligadas ao sector energético incentivam ao uso racional de energia, à implementação de medidas de aproveitamento e produção de energias alternativas, numa tentativa de diminuir os custos energéticos, economizar os recursos existentes, fomentar a sustentabilidade dos edifícios e poupar o meio ambiente.
Assim, é imperativo analisar as características dos materiais a empregar, bem como os processos construtivos. Torna-se inevitável a avaliação das construções antigas, a observação dos centros históricos e a instigação de um novo pensamento que tenha em linha de conta a reabilitação nos edifícios antigos, de modo a apelar a atenção do Homem para os núcleos das cidades, os quais se encontram cada vez mais devolutos e em permanente degradação.
Neste contexto, no presente estudo serão considerados materiais distintos e distintas tipologias construtivas de paredes exteriores, numa jornada pela história da construção, analisando as suas características, dimensões, vantagens e desvantagens quer em termos de eficiência energética, quer em termos económicos. Partindo das paredes originais iremos estudar diferentes intervenções que se aplicarão a cada parede originalmente seleccionada, baseando-nos em condições e critérios apensos a cada uma, possibilitando a comparação da distribuição de temperaturas, bem como o dispêndio energético e económico apresentado para cada situação.
In the present socio-economical situation it is essential to look at new developments within the construction industry. The increasing requirement in terms of comfort and necessities impacts considerably on the environment therefore, leads to the promulgation of self-sufficient buildings. With the energy resources derived from fossil fuels to cover existing requirements depleting, the levels of energy consumption within housing commerce and industry, even at the transports and the economic difficulties, it becomes essential to implement changes in human behavior and their use and exploitation of energy, as one of them pillars of the sustainable development. The changes introduced by the new regulations thermal behavior and of the energy systems and climatization of the buildings have led to new requirements in the type of construction materials and methodology to be used for construction, also the sensitisation promoted by the government in harmony with some companies bonded to the energy sector to encourage rational use of energy, the implementation of measures for recovery and production of alternative energies, in an attempt to diminish the energy costs, and to conserve existing resources, fostering the sustainability of buildings to save the environment. Thus, it is imperative to analyze the characteristics and materials used, as well as the constructive processes. It becomes inevitable to evaluate ancient constructions and observe historical centers and to take account of old white washed buildings, within cities that have become vacant and in permanent disrepair thereby instigating new ideas that appeal to man. In this context, in the present study different materials construction types of exterior walls will be considered, and a journey through the history of construction to analyze the characteristics, size, advantages and disadvantages in terms of energy efficiency and economy. Using the original walls, we will study different interventions which will apply to each originally selected wall, based in conditions and criteria applied to each of them, allowing a comparison of the temperatures distribution, as well as presented the energy and economic great expense for each situation.
In the present socio-economical situation it is essential to look at new developments within the construction industry. The increasing requirement in terms of comfort and necessities impacts considerably on the environment therefore, leads to the promulgation of self-sufficient buildings. With the energy resources derived from fossil fuels to cover existing requirements depleting, the levels of energy consumption within housing commerce and industry, even at the transports and the economic difficulties, it becomes essential to implement changes in human behavior and their use and exploitation of energy, as one of them pillars of the sustainable development. The changes introduced by the new regulations thermal behavior and of the energy systems and climatization of the buildings have led to new requirements in the type of construction materials and methodology to be used for construction, also the sensitisation promoted by the government in harmony with some companies bonded to the energy sector to encourage rational use of energy, the implementation of measures for recovery and production of alternative energies, in an attempt to diminish the energy costs, and to conserve existing resources, fostering the sustainability of buildings to save the environment. Thus, it is imperative to analyze the characteristics and materials used, as well as the constructive processes. It becomes inevitable to evaluate ancient constructions and observe historical centers and to take account of old white washed buildings, within cities that have become vacant and in permanent disrepair thereby instigating new ideas that appeal to man. In this context, in the present study different materials construction types of exterior walls will be considered, and a journey through the history of construction to analyze the characteristics, size, advantages and disadvantages in terms of energy efficiency and economy. Using the original walls, we will study different interventions which will apply to each originally selected wall, based in conditions and criteria applied to each of them, allowing a comparison of the temperatures distribution, as well as presented the energy and economic great expense for each situation.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Civil
Palavras-chave
Eficiência energética , Reabilitação de edifícios , Isolamento térmico , Impacto ambiental , Construção sustentável , Paredes exteriores , Processos construtivos , Construção passiva