Ocorrência e aspectos clínicos da leishmaniose em cães observados no Hospital Veterinário da UTAD
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2009
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As leishmanioses – endémicas em cerca de 90 países, com 350 milhões de pessoas em risco, 12 milhões de indivíduos infectados e 2 milhões de novos casos por ano, são consideradas, no seu conjunto, a terceira doença mais importante transmitida por vetores (atrás da malária e das filarioses linfáticas). A leishmaniose visceral (LV) representa a forma mais grave da doença, sendo que os países da bacia do Mediterrâneo e da América do Sul constituem uma zona em que o protozoário Leishmania infantum (sin. Leishmania chagasi) é endémico. Os cães são o principal reservatório do protozoário L. infantum, que é transmitido entre canídeos e aos seres humanos por insetos flebotomíneos. Nos últimos anos, o número de casos de leishmaniose canina (LCan) vem crescendo consideravelmente nos países do sul da Europa.
No processo de diagnóstico da LCan enquanto doença, além do primeiro passo que é o exame físico, é necessário confirmar a infecção através de métodos laboratoriais complementares, que incluem a observação microscópica de formas amastigotas em esfregaços de medula óssea ou de gânglio linfático e a detecção de anticorpos especificios anti-Leishmania.
Pretendeu-se, com a realização deste trabalho, contribuir para o entendimento dos aspectos relacionados com a ocorrência de leishmaniose nos cães que frequentam o Hospital Veterinário da Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (HV-UTAD), uma vez que estes constituem uma amostra considerada representativa dos cães que vivem nesta região de Portugal.
The leishmanioses – endemic diseases in around 90 countries, with 350 million people at risk, 12 million infected individuals and 2 million new cases a year – are considered, the third most important group of vetor-borne diseases (behind malaria and lymphatic filariases). Visceral leishmaniosis (VL) represents the most serious disease form, with countries of the Mediterranean basin and of South America representing a zone where the protozoan Leishmania infantum (syn. Leishmania chagasi) is endemic. Dogs are the main reservoir of the L. infantum, which is transmitted among dogs and to human beings by phlebotomine sandflies. In recent years, the number of canine leishmaniosis (CanL) cases has been increasing considerably in the south European countries. Towards the diagnosis of CanL as a disease, besides clinical examination, it is necessary to confirm infection through complementally laboratories analyses, that include the microscopic observation of amastigote forms in bone marrow or lymph node smears and the detection of specific anti-Leishmania antibodies. This work intends to give a contribution to the understanding of aspects related with the occurrence of leishmaniosis in dogs brought to the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Trás os Montes e Alto Douro University (HV-UTAD), since they constitute a sample considered to be representative of the dog population living in this area of Portugal.
The leishmanioses – endemic diseases in around 90 countries, with 350 million people at risk, 12 million infected individuals and 2 million new cases a year – are considered, the third most important group of vetor-borne diseases (behind malaria and lymphatic filariases). Visceral leishmaniosis (VL) represents the most serious disease form, with countries of the Mediterranean basin and of South America representing a zone where the protozoan Leishmania infantum (syn. Leishmania chagasi) is endemic. Dogs are the main reservoir of the L. infantum, which is transmitted among dogs and to human beings by phlebotomine sandflies. In recent years, the number of canine leishmaniosis (CanL) cases has been increasing considerably in the south European countries. Towards the diagnosis of CanL as a disease, besides clinical examination, it is necessary to confirm infection through complementally laboratories analyses, that include the microscopic observation of amastigote forms in bone marrow or lymph node smears and the detection of specific anti-Leishmania antibodies. This work intends to give a contribution to the understanding of aspects related with the occurrence of leishmaniosis in dogs brought to the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Trás os Montes e Alto Douro University (HV-UTAD), since they constitute a sample considered to be representative of the dog population living in this area of Portugal.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Medicina Veterinária