Qualidade da relação entre irmãos e outras figuras significativas em adolescentes institucionalizados: desenvolvimento de psicopatologia e comportamentos desviantes
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2012
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A problemática da institucionalização tem vindo a ser progressivamente abordada em Portugal.
No entanto, estas investigações ainda se revelam escassas e pouco conclusivas face às relações
interpessoais construídas pelos jovens. A transição para um contexto institucional implica o
afastamento de um ambiente disfuncional, pautado por negligência, abandono e ausência de
responsividade afectiva que condicionam um desenvolvimento positivo e tornam os jovens mais
vulneráveis ao risco. Perante esta realidade, relações positivas estabelecidas com figuras como os
irmãos, os professores e os funcionários da escola e da instituição têm sido apontadas como
fundamentais para um processo de desenvolvimento mais adaptativo, que tendem a exercer um
papel protector face ao despoletar de sintomatologia psicopatológica e ao envolvimento em
comportamentos desviantes. Assim, de encontro à teoria de vinculação (Ainsworth, 1989;
Bowlby, 1988) e uma perspectiva ecológica do desenvolvimento humano (Brofenbrenner, 1979,
1996) o objectivo geral da presente investigação consiste na análise da qualidade da ligação aos
irmãos e outras figuras significativas enquanto factor protector face ao desenvolvimento de
psicopatologia e de comportamentos desviantes num contexto de diferentes configurações
familiares (famílias intactas e institucionalização). A amostra é constituída por 449 adolescentes,
sendo que 247 provêm de famílias intactas e 202 encontram-se institucionalizados, com idades
compreendidas entre os 12 e os 18 anos. Os dados foram obtidos através da administração do
Sibling Relationship Questionnaire (Furman & Buhrmester, 1985; adaptação de Mota, Fernandes
& Serra, 2011), do Questionário de Ligação a Professores e Funcionários (Mota & Matos, 2005),
do Brief Symptom Inventory (Derogatis, 1982; adaptação de Canavarro, 1999) e da Escala de
Comportamentos Desviantes (Gouveia-Pereira & Carita, 2005; adaptação de Sanches, 2007). Os
resultados revelam que os irmãos e figuras significativas como os professores, os funcionários da
escola e da instituição podem desempenhar papéis importantes na prevenção de sintomatologia
psicopatológica e da manifestação de comportamentos desviantes.De igual modo se verifica que
os jovens institucionalizados apresentam índices mais elevados de sintomatologia
psicopatológica e de comportamentos desviantes. Todavia, constatam-se relações mais
satisfatórias dos jovens institucionalizados com os irmãos e com outras figuras significativas
comparativamente a adolescentes de famílias intactas. Torna-se pertinente considerar o contexto
institucional como um facilitador de um desenvolvimento mais favorável dos jovens e da
construção de relações significativas, fundamentais na reorganização dos modelos internos
dinâmicos criando uma imagem mais positiva de si, dos outros e do mundo.
The issue of institutionalization has been progressively addressed in Portugal. However, these investigations reveal still scarce and inconclusive face interpersonal relationships built by young people. The transition to an institutional context implies the removal of a dysfunctional environment, marked by neglect, abandonment and lack of emotional responsibility that condition a positive development and make young people more vulnerable to risk. Given this reality, positive relationships with established figures such as siblings, teachers and school officials and the institution staff have been identified as critical to the process of developing more adaptive, which tend to exert a protective role against the trigger of psychopathological symptoms and involvement in deviant behaviours. Thus, against the theory of attachment (Ainsworht, 1989; Bowlby, 1988) and an ecological perspective of human development (Brofenbrenner, 1979, 1996) the overall aim of this research is to analyze the quality of the connection to the siblings and other significant figures while protective factor against the development of psychopathology and deviant behaviours in the context of different family configurations (intact families and institutionalization). The sample consisted of 449 young, and 247 are derived from intact families and 202 are institutionalized, aged between 12 and 18. Data were collected through the Sibling Relationship Questionnaire (Furman & Buhrmester, 1985; adaptation of Mota, Fernandes & Serra, 2011), the Relationship to Teachers and Staff Questionnaire (Mota & Matos, 2005), the Brief Symptom Inventory (Derogatis, 1982; adaptation of Canavarro, 1999) and Deviant Behaviours Scale (Gouveia-Pereira & Carita, 2005: adaptation of Sanches, 2007). The results reveal that the siblings and significant figures such as teachers, school staff and the institution may play important roles in the prevention of psychopathological symptoms and manifestation of deviant behavior. Similarly it appears that young people have institutionalized higher rates of psychopathological symptoms and deviant behavior. However, there are also more satisfactory relationships institutionalized youth with siblings and with other significant figures compared to adolescents from intact families. It is pertinent to consider the institutional context as an enabler of a more favorable development of youth and building meaningful relationships, fundamental reorganization of the internal working models creating a more positive image of themselves, others and the world.
The issue of institutionalization has been progressively addressed in Portugal. However, these investigations reveal still scarce and inconclusive face interpersonal relationships built by young people. The transition to an institutional context implies the removal of a dysfunctional environment, marked by neglect, abandonment and lack of emotional responsibility that condition a positive development and make young people more vulnerable to risk. Given this reality, positive relationships with established figures such as siblings, teachers and school officials and the institution staff have been identified as critical to the process of developing more adaptive, which tend to exert a protective role against the trigger of psychopathological symptoms and involvement in deviant behaviours. Thus, against the theory of attachment (Ainsworht, 1989; Bowlby, 1988) and an ecological perspective of human development (Brofenbrenner, 1979, 1996) the overall aim of this research is to analyze the quality of the connection to the siblings and other significant figures while protective factor against the development of psychopathology and deviant behaviours in the context of different family configurations (intact families and institutionalization). The sample consisted of 449 young, and 247 are derived from intact families and 202 are institutionalized, aged between 12 and 18. Data were collected through the Sibling Relationship Questionnaire (Furman & Buhrmester, 1985; adaptation of Mota, Fernandes & Serra, 2011), the Relationship to Teachers and Staff Questionnaire (Mota & Matos, 2005), the Brief Symptom Inventory (Derogatis, 1982; adaptation of Canavarro, 1999) and Deviant Behaviours Scale (Gouveia-Pereira & Carita, 2005: adaptation of Sanches, 2007). The results reveal that the siblings and significant figures such as teachers, school staff and the institution may play important roles in the prevention of psychopathological symptoms and manifestation of deviant behavior. Similarly it appears that young people have institutionalized higher rates of psychopathological symptoms and deviant behavior. However, there are also more satisfactory relationships institutionalized youth with siblings and with other significant figures compared to adolescents from intact families. It is pertinent to consider the institutional context as an enabler of a more favorable development of youth and building meaningful relationships, fundamental reorganization of the internal working models creating a more positive image of themselves, others and the world.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Psicologia Clínica
Palavras-chave
Comportamento de vinculação , Psicopatologia