Jogos Reduzidos em Futebol: Comportamento Técnico-táctico e Variabilidade da Frequência Cardíaca em Jogos de 3x3 e 6x6 com Jogadores Sub-13
Resumo
Os Jogos Reduzidos (JR) são frequentemente utilizados pelos treinadores para o desenvolvimento técnico-táctico dos jogadores e também, cada vez mais, da aptidão aeróbia (Rampinini et al., 2007).
O objectivo deste estudo foi determinar os efeitos da utilização de diferentes JR, com variação do número de jogadores e espaço de jogo, ao nível do comportamento técnico-táctico (indicadores técnico-tácticos - ITT) e da carga interna (Frequência Cardíaca - FC) de jovens jogadores em Futebol.
Foram avaliados doze jogadores, pertencentes a um clube de nível Distrital, com média (SD) de 12,3 (0,9) anos de idade, 3,0 (1,1) anos de prática, 47,2 (10,1) Kg de peso e 156 (11) cm de altura, durante a sua participação em JR de 6x6 (60x40m) e 3x3 (30x25m), durante 10 minutos. Para caracterizar o comportamento técnico-táctico foi utilizada a observação de imagens captadas por uma câmara de vídeo e posterior análise com recurso a um sistema de notação manual. Para a avaliação da FC foi utilizado o Polar Team System. Na análise dos dados recorremos aos procedimentos da estatística descritiva e ao teste não paramétrico de “Wilcoxon”. Para tratamento dos dados utilizámos o software “Statistical Package for Social Sciences” (SPSS) versão 16.0. O nível de significância utilizado foi de P<0,05.
Foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas relativamente aos ITT: tempo de posse de bola, número de intervenções no jogo, contactos na bola, passes certos, remates e golos. Relativamente à carga interna, foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas ao nível da FCméd e do tempo passado na Zona 2 (75-84% FCmáx).
Os JR provocaram exigências fisiológicas elevadas nos jogadores, independentemente do JR utilizado. A redução do número de jogadores e do espaço de jogo promoveu uma maior frequência dos ITT, mantendo um nível de intensidade do exercício idêntico.
Small-sided games (SSG) are frequently used by coaches as a method to improve the technical-tactical abilities of soccer players and also, increasingly, their aerobic fitness (Rampinini et al., 2007). The aim of this study was then to determine the consequences of using a diversity of SSG, through the variation of the number of players and pitch size, either in terms of the technical-tactical behavior (technical-tactical indicators - TTI) and of the internal load (Heart Rate - HR) for young male soccer players. Twelve district level players were assessed with a mean (SD) of 12.3 (0.9) years of age, 3.0 (1.1) years of practice, 47.2 (10.1) kg of weight, and 156 (11) cm of height. Their assessment took place while they were participating in SSG of 6x6 players (60x40m) and 3x3 players (30x25m) for a period of 10 minutes. In order to characterize the technical-tactical behavior it was used the material recorded during the games by a video camera. The captured footage was subsequently analyzed using a hand notation system. The Polar Team System was used for the evaluation of HR. The data analysis was done following the procedures of descriptive statistics and the nonparametric Wilcoxon Test. For data analysis we used the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 16.0 version. The level of significance used was P<0.05. Significant statistical differences were found in relation to the TTI: time of possession, number of interventions in the game, contacts with the ball, correct passes, shots and goals. Relatively to the internal load, differences were statistically significant at the mean HR and time spent in Zone 2 (75-84% maximum HR). SSG led to high physiological demands on players, regardless of the SSG used. The reduction of the number of players and pitch area resulted in a greater frequency of TTI, while the level of exercise intensity was identical.
Small-sided games (SSG) are frequently used by coaches as a method to improve the technical-tactical abilities of soccer players and also, increasingly, their aerobic fitness (Rampinini et al., 2007). The aim of this study was then to determine the consequences of using a diversity of SSG, through the variation of the number of players and pitch size, either in terms of the technical-tactical behavior (technical-tactical indicators - TTI) and of the internal load (Heart Rate - HR) for young male soccer players. Twelve district level players were assessed with a mean (SD) of 12.3 (0.9) years of age, 3.0 (1.1) years of practice, 47.2 (10.1) kg of weight, and 156 (11) cm of height. Their assessment took place while they were participating in SSG of 6x6 players (60x40m) and 3x3 players (30x25m) for a period of 10 minutes. In order to characterize the technical-tactical behavior it was used the material recorded during the games by a video camera. The captured footage was subsequently analyzed using a hand notation system. The Polar Team System was used for the evaluation of HR. The data analysis was done following the procedures of descriptive statistics and the nonparametric Wilcoxon Test. For data analysis we used the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 16.0 version. The level of significance used was P<0.05. Significant statistical differences were found in relation to the TTI: time of possession, number of interventions in the game, contacts with the ball, correct passes, shots and goals. Relatively to the internal load, differences were statistically significant at the mean HR and time spent in Zone 2 (75-84% maximum HR). SSG led to high physiological demands on players, regardless of the SSG used. The reduction of the number of players and pitch area resulted in a greater frequency of TTI, while the level of exercise intensity was identical.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciências do Desporto: Especialização em Jogos Desportivos Colectivos
Palavras-chave
Futebol , Frequência cardíaca , Jogos reduzidos , Indicadores técnico-tácticos