Atitudes e comportamentos alimentares: factores de risco em estudantes universitários
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2010
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Objectivo: O objectivo deste estudo é conhecer a relação entre as atitudes e comportamentos alimentares e um conjunto de variáveis, tais como, o género, a idade, o IMC, o peso desejado e o consumo de álcool em estudantes universitários de Vila Real.
Metodologia: Foi seleccionada uma amostra de 392 estudantes Universitários (77 homens e 315 mulheres) com idades entre os 17 e os 30 anos, aos quais foram administrados três questionários de auto-resposta. Um questionário sócio-demográfico, o Questionário das Atitudes Alimentares – 26 (Nunes, Camey, Olinto & Mari, 2005; Garner, Olmsted, Bohr & Garfinkel, 1982) para avaliar as atitudes e comportamentos alimentares e o Questionário Holandês do Comportamento Alimentar (Viana & Sinde, 2003; Van Strien, Frijters, Bergers & Defares, 1986) para avaliar o comportamento alimentar classificado como “estilo alimentar”.
Resultados: A análise dos resultados mostram que as mulheres apresentam valores mais elevados nas dimensões ingestão emocional, restrição alimentar e dieta do que os homens, pelo que são as que perdem com maior facilidade o controlo da ingestão de alimentos devido a factores stressantes e emocionais, assim como, as que apresentam uma maior preocupação com a magreza e as que evitam com maior frequência a ingestão de alimentos que engordam ou calóricos exercendo um maior esforço para controlar o apetite e a ingestão de alimentos, envolvendo-se com maior regularidade em dietas do que os homens. A idade não apresenta correlação com as atitudes e comportamentos alimentares avaliados pelo EAT-26 (factor Dieta) e pelo DEBQ. O IMC está correlacionado com a restrição alimentar e com a ingestão externa. A restrição alimentar e o IMC correlacionam-se positivamente o que indica que quanto maior o IMC maior é a restrição alimentar. A ingestão externa, pelo contrário apresenta uma correlação negativa o que indica que quanto maior o IMC menor será a ingestão externa, o que vem de encontro ao acima mencionado. O consumo de álcool apenas se encontra correlacionado com a dimensão dieta do EAT-26, sendo essa correlação negativa. A variável peso desejado encontra-se significativamente e negativamente correlacionada com a dimensão da ingestão emocional e com a dimensão de restrição alimentar, o que indica que quanto maior for o peso desejado menor a desinibição alimentar devido a factores emocionais e menor o esforço exercido para controlar o apetite e a ingestão de alimentos.
Conclusões: Tal como previsto os estudantes do sexo feminino apresentam atitudes e comportamentos alimentares mais problemáticos do que os estudantes do sexo masculino, pelo que poderão ser consideradas como uma população de risco. Como tal, a consciencialização das consequências subjacentes a esses padrões alimentares deverá ser um aspecto a considerar, no sentido de haver mais divulgação das mesmas. É importante, também, a promoção e o desenvolvimento de programas de saúde alimentar em idades mais precoces de forma a prevenir futuros grupos de risco.
Objective: The purpose of this study is to understand the relationship between eating behaviors and attitudes and a set of variables such as gender, age, BMI, desired weight and alcohol consumption in college students from Vila Real. Methodology: It was selected a sample of 392 university students (77 men and 315 women) aged between 17 and 30 years, which were administered three questionnaires. A socio-demographic questionnaire, the Eating Attitudes Questionnaire - 26 (Nunes, Camey, Olinto & Mari, 2005; Garner, Olmsted, Bohr & Garfinkel, 1982) to assess the attitudes and behaviors regarding food and the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (Viana & Sinde &, 2003; Van Strien, Frijters, Bergers & Defares, 1986) to assess the behavior regarding food, classified as "eating style." Results: The results revealed that women have higher values than men in the dimensions emotional eating, food restriction and dieting, so they are more easily compelled to lose control of food intake due to stressful and emotional factors, as well as to have a greater preoccupation with thinness. Besides that, the more often they avoid eating fattening or caloric foods, the greater effort they make to control appetite and food intake, involving themselves in dieting, with greater regularity than men. Age was not correlated with the attitudes and eating behaviors assessed by the EAT-26 (Diet) and by DEBQ. The BMI was correlated with dietary restriction and eating outside. Food restriction and BMI were positively correlated indicating that the higher the BMI the higher the behavior of food restriction. Eating outside, on the contrary, showed a negative correlation indicating that the higher the BMI the lower the external intake. Alcohol consumption was only correlated with the EAT-26 diet dimension, and this correlation was negative. The desired weight was significantly and negatively correlated with the intake and the emotional dimension of food restriction indicating that the higher the desired weight the less food intake, due to emotional factors, the lower the effort to control appetite and food intake. Conclusions: As predicted the female students have eating behaviors and attitudes more problematic than male students and might therefore be considered as a population at risk. As such, awareness of the consequences underlying these dietary patterns should be an aspect to consider in order to develop more efficient preventing programs. Also important is the promotion and development of preventing programs regarding healthier food behaviors in children and adolescents, in order to prevent future risk groups.
Objective: The purpose of this study is to understand the relationship between eating behaviors and attitudes and a set of variables such as gender, age, BMI, desired weight and alcohol consumption in college students from Vila Real. Methodology: It was selected a sample of 392 university students (77 men and 315 women) aged between 17 and 30 years, which were administered three questionnaires. A socio-demographic questionnaire, the Eating Attitudes Questionnaire - 26 (Nunes, Camey, Olinto & Mari, 2005; Garner, Olmsted, Bohr & Garfinkel, 1982) to assess the attitudes and behaviors regarding food and the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (Viana & Sinde &, 2003; Van Strien, Frijters, Bergers & Defares, 1986) to assess the behavior regarding food, classified as "eating style." Results: The results revealed that women have higher values than men in the dimensions emotional eating, food restriction and dieting, so they are more easily compelled to lose control of food intake due to stressful and emotional factors, as well as to have a greater preoccupation with thinness. Besides that, the more often they avoid eating fattening or caloric foods, the greater effort they make to control appetite and food intake, involving themselves in dieting, with greater regularity than men. Age was not correlated with the attitudes and eating behaviors assessed by the EAT-26 (Diet) and by DEBQ. The BMI was correlated with dietary restriction and eating outside. Food restriction and BMI were positively correlated indicating that the higher the BMI the higher the behavior of food restriction. Eating outside, on the contrary, showed a negative correlation indicating that the higher the BMI the lower the external intake. Alcohol consumption was only correlated with the EAT-26 diet dimension, and this correlation was negative. The desired weight was significantly and negatively correlated with the intake and the emotional dimension of food restriction indicating that the higher the desired weight the less food intake, due to emotional factors, the lower the effort to control appetite and food intake. Conclusions: As predicted the female students have eating behaviors and attitudes more problematic than male students and might therefore be considered as a population at risk. As such, awareness of the consequences underlying these dietary patterns should be an aspect to consider in order to develop more efficient preventing programs. Also important is the promotion and development of preventing programs regarding healthier food behaviors in children and adolescents, in order to prevent future risk groups.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Psicologia Clínica
Palavras-chave
Alunos do ensino superior , Perturbações do comportamento alimentar