Epilepsia idiopática em cães
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2015-11-30
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A Epilepsia Idiopática apresenta-se como a doença neurológica crónica mais frequente no âmbito da neurologia veterinária, com uma prevalência estimada entre 0,5 e 5,7% em cães. Com uma idade de apresentação entre os 6 meses e os 5 anos de idade, possui maior incidência em algumas raças puras.
As influências genéticas são tidas como base provável para a diminuição do limiar convulsivo do animal, com algumas raças já descritas com herança genética comprovada.
Algumas particularidades inerentes da medicina veterinária, que vão desde a acessibilidade ao animal como a subjetividade dos sinais clínicos referidos pelos proprietários ou o custo financeiro de alguns exames de diagnóstico, estão na base da limitação do diagnóstico e do conhecimento dos mecanismos fisiopatológicos desta doença.
Neste trabalho são descritos três casos presuntivos de Epilepsia Idiopática. Nos três animais o diagnóstico foi avançado com recurso ao diagnóstico de exclusão necessário para a doença em causa, baseado nos seguintes fatores: descrição dos eventos convulsivos, realização de exame físico e neurológico sem alterações, parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos séricos dentro dos valores de referência, análise de líquido cefaloraquidiano sem alterações, provas imagiológicas por tomografia computadorizada e ressonância magnética sem descrição de lesões a nível cerebral.
A eficácia da terapia farmacológica variou entre os três animais; sendo alcançada em um caso com recurso apenas, a monoterapia com fenobarbital e nos outros animais, refratários ao tratamento, outros fármacos antiepilépticos foram utilizados, sendo o controlo convulsivo atingido em apenas mais um animal. Num dos casos, o animal mostrou-se refratário ao tratamento com a utilização de quatro fármacos anticonvulsivos, tendo sido eutanasiado por apresentar, ao longo do tempo, quadros convulsivos mais graves e não ter mostrado qualquer melhoria com a terapêutica instituída.
Idiopathic Epilepsy is the most common naturally occuring chonic neurologial condition in the veterinary medicine and has been estimated to occur at a frequency of 0,5 to 5,7% in the canine population. It usually presents itself between 6 months and 5 years of age, with a greater incidence in some purebreeds. Genetic influences are thought to be the probable foundation for the influence of the convulsive threshold of the animal, the existence of a genetic heritage has been proved in some breeds, of varying types. Some inherent particularities of veterinary medicine, ranging from accessibility to the animal as the subjectivity of the clinical signs listed by the owners or the financial cost of some diagnostic tests, are at the base of the limitation of the diagnosis and the pathophysiological mechanisms of this disease. In this thesis 3 presumptive cases of Idiopathic Epilepsy are described. In these 3 animals the diagnosis was consistent with the diagnosis of exclusion needed for the disease in question, based upon the following factors: description of the convulsive events, physical and neurological exam without changes, hematological and biochemical results within the parameters of reference, analysis of cerebrospinal fluid without changes, imaging tests by computerized tomography and magnetic resonance without a description of injuries in the brain. The effectiveness of pharmacological therapy ranged from the three animals; being achieved in one case, using the monotherapy with phenobarbital and in the other two animals, who did not respond to treatment, other antiepileptic drugs were used, and the convulsive control was reached in just one animal. In one case, the animal was refractory to treatment with the use of four anticonvulsants drugs, having been euthanized for presenting over time, more serious seizures and did not have shown any improvement with the therapy instituted.
Idiopathic Epilepsy is the most common naturally occuring chonic neurologial condition in the veterinary medicine and has been estimated to occur at a frequency of 0,5 to 5,7% in the canine population. It usually presents itself between 6 months and 5 years of age, with a greater incidence in some purebreeds. Genetic influences are thought to be the probable foundation for the influence of the convulsive threshold of the animal, the existence of a genetic heritage has been proved in some breeds, of varying types. Some inherent particularities of veterinary medicine, ranging from accessibility to the animal as the subjectivity of the clinical signs listed by the owners or the financial cost of some diagnostic tests, are at the base of the limitation of the diagnosis and the pathophysiological mechanisms of this disease. In this thesis 3 presumptive cases of Idiopathic Epilepsy are described. In these 3 animals the diagnosis was consistent with the diagnosis of exclusion needed for the disease in question, based upon the following factors: description of the convulsive events, physical and neurological exam without changes, hematological and biochemical results within the parameters of reference, analysis of cerebrospinal fluid without changes, imaging tests by computerized tomography and magnetic resonance without a description of injuries in the brain. The effectiveness of pharmacological therapy ranged from the three animals; being achieved in one case, using the monotherapy with phenobarbital and in the other two animals, who did not respond to treatment, other antiepileptic drugs were used, and the convulsive control was reached in just one animal. In one case, the animal was refractory to treatment with the use of four anticonvulsants drugs, having been euthanized for presenting over time, more serious seizures and did not have shown any improvement with the therapy instituted.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária, Ciências Veterinárias
Palavras-chave
Cães , Epilepsia , Convulsões , Anticonvulsivantes , Doenças do sistema nervoso