Perceção de competência e perfil psicomotor em crianças com e sem obesidade
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2015
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A presente dissertação tem dois grandes objetivos: (i) – comparar a perceção de competência e o perfil psicomotor de acordo com o sexo e prevalência de obesidade; (ii) – verificar a influência da perceção de competência no perfil psicomotor e IMC. A amostra foi constituída por 138 crianças (71 meninas e 67 meninos), com idades compreendidas entre os 6 e os 10 anos (8,04 ±1,02). Para avaliar a perceção de competência (PC) foi usada a Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance for Young Children (PSPCSAYC) de Harter & Pike (1981, 1984) aos alunos do 1º e 2º ano de escolaridade; e o Self-Perception Profile for Children (SPPC) de Harter (1985) aos do 3º e 4º ano. Para o perfil psicomotor utilizamos a Bateria Psicomotora de Vitor da Fonseca (BPM), calculamos o IMC e usamos os valores de corte de Cole et al. (2000) para definir obesidade. Utilizou-se o T-Test para comparar os fatores psicomotores e as sub-escalas de perceção de competência, de acordo com o sexo e prevalência de obesidade. Foi utilizado o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson para selecionar as variáveis a inserir no modelo de regressão múltipla. Relativamente à PC, os resultados apontam uma superioridade significativa do sexo feminino na sub-escala Comportamento (p<0.05), isto no 3º/4º ano, assim como no fator Psicomotor Equilibração (p=0.015) mas no 1º/2º ano, as meninas do 3º/4º ano ainda se destacam com diferenças significativas na Práxia Fina (p<0.05). Quanto à prevalência de obesidade os resultados apenas apontam diferenças significativas de PC no 3º/4º ano, onde os normoponderais são significativamente superiores na competência atlética (p<0.05) e aparência física (p=0.00). Verificam-se associações significativas entre o Total da BPM e as sub-escalas de perceção de competência cognitiva (p=.008) e competência atlética (p=.018), no 1º/2º ano; já no 3º/4º ano as associações são significativas entre o Total da BPM e a sub escala de aceitação social (p=.011), o IMC e as sub-escalas aparência física (p=.000) e competência física (p=.008). Os resultados da regressão demonstram que a aceitação social é variável preditora do Total da BPM (p=0.11; β=0,256) e a aparência física do IMC (p=0.00; β=-0,384). Concluindo, a PC e o Perfil Psicomotor variam nos diferentes anos do ensino básico (1º/2º e 3º/4º ano) de acordo com o sexo e obesidade, verificam-se associações entre o resultado da BPM e algumas sub-escalas de PC, e a aceitação social demonstra ser uma variavél preditora do perfil psicomotor, assim como, a aparência física do IMC, isto no 3º/4º ano.
This dissertation has two main objectives: (i) - compare the perception of competence and psychomotor profile according to sex and prevalence of obesity; (ii) - verify the influence of the perception of competence in the psychomotor profile and BMI. The sample consisted of 138 children (71 girls and 67 boys), aged between 6 and 10 years (8,04 ±1,02). Students of 1st and 2nd year was used at The Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance for Young Children (PSPCSAYC) Harter & Pike (1981, 1984) to assess the perception of competence; and the Self-Perception Profile for Children (SPPC) Harter (1985) for the 3rd and 4th year. For the psychomotor profile we use Psychomotor Battery Vitor da Fonseca, and we calculate BMI, and obesity used to set the cutoff values of Cole et al. (2000). T-test was used to compare the results of psychomotor factors and the subscales of perception of competence, according to sex and prevalence of obesity. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to select the variables to be included in the multiple regression model. Regarding the PC, results show a significant superiority of females in the sub-scale behavior (p <0,05), this in 3rd/4th year, and the Psychomotor Balancing factor (p = 0.015) but in 1st/2nd year, 3rd/4th year girls still stand out with significant differences in factor praxis Fina (p <0,05). As the prevalence of obesity results only indicate significant differences in PC 3rd/4th year, where the normal weight are significantly higher in athletic competence (p <0,05), and physical appearance (p = 0,00). Check up associations between the BPM and Total subscales of perception of cognitive competence (p = ,008) and athletic competence (p = ,018) in 1st/2nd year; already in 3rd/4th year are significant associations between Total of BPM and the subscale of social acceptance (p = ,011), BMI and physical appearance subscales (p = ,000) and physical competence (p = ,008). The regression results show that social acceptance is predictor of Total BPM (p = 0.11; β = 0.256) and the physical appearance of BMI (p = 0,00; β = -0.384). In conclusion, the PC and the Psychomotor Profile vary from one year of basic education (1st / 2nd and 3rd / 4th year) according to sex and obesity, associations are found between the result of BPM and some PC subscales, and social acceptance proves to be a predictor variable psychomotor profile, as well as the physical appearance of the IMC, that on the 3rd / 4th year.
This dissertation has two main objectives: (i) - compare the perception of competence and psychomotor profile according to sex and prevalence of obesity; (ii) - verify the influence of the perception of competence in the psychomotor profile and BMI. The sample consisted of 138 children (71 girls and 67 boys), aged between 6 and 10 years (8,04 ±1,02). Students of 1st and 2nd year was used at The Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance for Young Children (PSPCSAYC) Harter & Pike (1981, 1984) to assess the perception of competence; and the Self-Perception Profile for Children (SPPC) Harter (1985) for the 3rd and 4th year. For the psychomotor profile we use Psychomotor Battery Vitor da Fonseca, and we calculate BMI, and obesity used to set the cutoff values of Cole et al. (2000). T-test was used to compare the results of psychomotor factors and the subscales of perception of competence, according to sex and prevalence of obesity. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to select the variables to be included in the multiple regression model. Regarding the PC, results show a significant superiority of females in the sub-scale behavior (p <0,05), this in 3rd/4th year, and the Psychomotor Balancing factor (p = 0.015) but in 1st/2nd year, 3rd/4th year girls still stand out with significant differences in factor praxis Fina (p <0,05). As the prevalence of obesity results only indicate significant differences in PC 3rd/4th year, where the normal weight are significantly higher in athletic competence (p <0,05), and physical appearance (p = 0,00). Check up associations between the BPM and Total subscales of perception of cognitive competence (p = ,008) and athletic competence (p = ,018) in 1st/2nd year; already in 3rd/4th year are significant associations between Total of BPM and the subscale of social acceptance (p = ,011), BMI and physical appearance subscales (p = ,000) and physical competence (p = ,008). The regression results show that social acceptance is predictor of Total BPM (p = 0.11; β = 0.256) and the physical appearance of BMI (p = 0,00; β = -0.384). In conclusion, the PC and the Psychomotor Profile vary from one year of basic education (1st / 2nd and 3rd / 4th year) according to sex and obesity, associations are found between the result of BPM and some PC subscales, and social acceptance proves to be a predictor variable psychomotor profile, as well as the physical appearance of the IMC, that on the 3rd / 4th year.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Educação Física e Desporto, Especialização em Desenvolvimento da Criança
Palavras-chave
Atividade física , Obesidade , Crianças , Perceção de competência , Perfil psicomotor