Análise do risco ambiental e localização de uma instalação industrial: caso de estudo: metalomecânica
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2016-05-18
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O conhecimento e a análise de riscos influenciam positivamente a correta utilização do território garantindo a segurança de pessoas e bens, uma vez que possibilitam a sua previsão, mitigação e minimização, motivos que sustentam a importância dada atualmente aos riscos. Esta dissertação foi desenvolvida a partir de uma proposta da empresa EGSP - Energia e Sistemas de Potência, Lda., uma vez que tem interesse em investir na implantação de uma instalação industrial do setor metalomecânico, tendo para este fim financiado uma bolsa de mestrado específica. Este trabalho integrou-se, também, no âmbito de um Projeto Regional de Desenvolvimento Integrado (PRDI) – Estudo Diagnóstico que a mesma empresa solicitou à Unidade de Ambiente da Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro que o realizou entre outubro de 2013 e dezembro de 2014.
A presente dissertação responde a três objetivos gerais: a caracterização do território em estudo, a análise de riscos ambientais relativamente ao setor metalúrgico e metalomecânico e a identificação dos locais mais aptos à implantação de uma instalação industrial.
O território em estudo tem uma área de 151195 ha e é constituído por sete concelhos: Aguiar da Beira, Castro Daire, Moimenta da Beira, Sátão, Sernancelhe, Tarouca e Vila Nova de Paiva. Para a caracterização do território foi necessário o contacto com várias entidades a nível local, regional e nacional para a recolha e compilação de informação. A definição da metodologia para a análise do risco teve como base a consulta de estudos de impacte ambiental e normas nacionais e internacionais relativas à gestão de risco. Os trabalhos de caracterização do território e de seleção das zonas aptas foram elaborados através da utilização de sistemas de informação geográfica (SIG).
No território em estudo laboram 35 indústrias do setor metalúrgico e metalomecânico, pertencentes predominantemente à divisão 25 da classificação das atividades económicas. Encontram-se em maior número nos concelhos de Castro Daire, Moimenta da Beira, Sátão e Sernancelhe. Para este setor existem diversas áreas com oportunidade de negócio no território mas, há a necessidade de apostar na investigação/inovação. As principais fontes de risco do setor, identificadas com base no processo produtivo, são: fornos, armazenamento, manuseamento e utilização de óleos e ácidos e formação de pó metálico. Neste tipo de instalação industrial, associados às fontes de risco identificadas, obteve-se como possíveis acidentes: os incêndios, as explosões, emissões gasosas e os
derramamentos. A proposta de metodologia para a análise quantitativa de risco assenta na aplicação da matriz de riscos.
Relativamente às zonas aptas ou não aptas para a implantação de uma instalação industrial, constatou-se que existem no território aproximadamente 41 ha de áreas de elevada aptidão e 8523 ha de áreas com média aptidão. Estes resultados foram obtidos tendo em conta apenas as imposições legislativas e a caracterização do território. A localização mais adequada resulta do cruzamento desta informação com a informação relativa aos riscos ambientais.
O presente trabalho representa a base de suporte ou sistema de apoio à decisão por parte da empresa EGSP.
The knowledge and risk analysis has a positive influence on the correct use of the territory ensuring the safety of people and goods, as it allows your prediction, mitigation and minimization, reasons that support the importance currently given to them. This work was developed from a proposal of EGSP - Energy and Power Systems Ltd company since it has interest in investing in the implementation of a metalworking industry, and to this end funded a specific master's scholarship. This work was also integrated in the context of a Regional Project for Integrated Development (PRDI) - Diagnostic Study that the same company has asked to the Environment Unit of the University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro fulfilled between October 2013 and December 2014. This work responds to three general objectives: The characterization of the area under study, the analysis of environmental risks in the metalworking industry and the identification of the most suitable places to implant an industrial plant. The area under study has 151195 ha and it consists of seven municipalities: Aguiar da Beira, Castro Daire, Moimenta da Beira, Sátão, Sernancelhe, Tarouca and Vila Nova de Paiva. For the characterizing the territory was necessary contact with various actors at local, regional and national level for the collection and compilation of information. The definition of the methodology for risk analysis was based on consultation environmental impact studies, national and international standards for risk management. The environmental characterization and selection of suitable areas, were developed through the use of geographic information systems (GIS). In the area under study there are 35 metalworking industries, predominantly belonging to the division 25 of classification of economic activities. They are more numerous in the municipalities of Castro Daire, Moimenta da Beira, Sátão and Sernancelhe. For this industry there are several areas with business opportunity in the territory, but there is the need to invest in research/innovation. The main sources of risk in the industry, identified on the basis of the production process, are: furnaces, storage, handling and use of oils and acids and formation of metallic powder. In this type of industrial plant, associated with the identified risk sources was obtained as possible accidents, fires, explosions and spills. The proposed methodology for the risk analysis is based on the application of the risk matrix. For the areas suitable or not suitable for the implantation of an industrial plant, it was found that exists in the area about 41 ha of high aptitude areas and 8523 ha areas with average aptitude. These results were obtained using only the legal obligations and the characterization of the territory. The most appropriate location results of combining this information with the information concerning the environmental risks. This work is the support base or support system decision by the EGSP company.
The knowledge and risk analysis has a positive influence on the correct use of the territory ensuring the safety of people and goods, as it allows your prediction, mitigation and minimization, reasons that support the importance currently given to them. This work was developed from a proposal of EGSP - Energy and Power Systems Ltd company since it has interest in investing in the implementation of a metalworking industry, and to this end funded a specific master's scholarship. This work was also integrated in the context of a Regional Project for Integrated Development (PRDI) - Diagnostic Study that the same company has asked to the Environment Unit of the University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro fulfilled between October 2013 and December 2014. This work responds to three general objectives: The characterization of the area under study, the analysis of environmental risks in the metalworking industry and the identification of the most suitable places to implant an industrial plant. The area under study has 151195 ha and it consists of seven municipalities: Aguiar da Beira, Castro Daire, Moimenta da Beira, Sátão, Sernancelhe, Tarouca and Vila Nova de Paiva. For the characterizing the territory was necessary contact with various actors at local, regional and national level for the collection and compilation of information. The definition of the methodology for risk analysis was based on consultation environmental impact studies, national and international standards for risk management. The environmental characterization and selection of suitable areas, were developed through the use of geographic information systems (GIS). In the area under study there are 35 metalworking industries, predominantly belonging to the division 25 of classification of economic activities. They are more numerous in the municipalities of Castro Daire, Moimenta da Beira, Sátão and Sernancelhe. For this industry there are several areas with business opportunity in the territory, but there is the need to invest in research/innovation. The main sources of risk in the industry, identified on the basis of the production process, are: furnaces, storage, handling and use of oils and acids and formation of metallic powder. In this type of industrial plant, associated with the identified risk sources was obtained as possible accidents, fires, explosions and spills. The proposed methodology for the risk analysis is based on the application of the risk matrix. For the areas suitable or not suitable for the implantation of an industrial plant, it was found that exists in the area about 41 ha of high aptitude areas and 8523 ha areas with average aptitude. These results were obtained using only the legal obligations and the characterization of the territory. The most appropriate location results of combining this information with the information concerning the environmental risks. This work is the support base or support system decision by the EGSP company.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia do Ambiente
Palavras-chave
Ambiente , Metalomecânica , Sistema de informação geográfica , Riscos ambientais