Sustentabilidade financeira das cooperativas oleícolas da Região da DOP “Azeite de Trás-os-Montes”
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Data
2014
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No país e numa região afetada pelo envelhecimento populacional e pela desertificação, como é o caso da região da DOP “Azeite de Trás-os-Montes”, o setor da olivicultura é muito importante, visto que, representa uma percentagem elevada da utilização da superfície agrícola e contribui para a melhoria da balança comercial e da vocação exportadora de azeite.
O setor cooperativo tem um papel importante na obtenção de economias de escala, potenciadas pelo aumento do poder negocial dos cooperantes, da concentração da oferta, pela redução do risco de mercado e dos custos de transação, pelo acesso privilegiado a recursos e serviços de qualidade e segurança alimentar, facilitando aos cooperantes o acesso à cadeia de valor. Em Portugal, o setor cooperativo apresenta uma quota de mercado considerável que ascende a 30%.
O problema associado ao cooperativismo relaciona-se com a própria eleição dos Órgãos Sociais e a nomeação da gestão. Os Órgãos Sociais têm de ser constituídos, por obrigação dos Estatutos, por cooperantes. Assim, a gestão pode ser exercida e/ou controlada por pessoas sem conhecimentos especializados em gestão, o que pode condicionar e afetar negativamente a sustentabilidade das cooperativas.
A performance financeira das Cooperativas da região de Trás-os-Montes e a estrutura organizacional permite concluir que a existência de gestores profissionais não conduz as Cooperativas a apresentarem melhor performance, e consequente sustentabilidade, e que o seu âmbito de atuação é reduzido pelo controlo que a Direção efetua. A análise da situação económico-financeira, por meio de rácios e indicadores, incita a alertar os gestores e os diretores executivos para uma atenção elevada ao nível do endividamento e da relação entre o fundo de maneio e as necessidades de fundo de maneio, pois a análise de sensibilidade do método de análise multicritério constata que esses indicadores prejudicam a relação das cooperativas com maior presença no mercado.
In the country and an region affected by aging population and desertification, as is the case of the DOP "Azeite de Trás-os-Montes" region, the sector of olive growing is very important, because they represent a high percentage of use of the surface agriculture and contributes to the improvement of the trade balance and export-oriented of olive oil. The cooperative sector has an important role in achieving economies of scale, enhanced by increasing the bargaining power of the cooperative, the concentration of supply, by reducing market risk and transaction costs, the privileged access to resources and quality services and food security, facilitating access to the members in the value chain. In Portugal, the cooperative sector has a considerable market share amounting to 30%. The problem associated with the cooperativeness is related to the election of the Corporate Bodies and the appointment of the management. The Corporate Bodies must be constituted, by the obligation of the Statute, for members. Thus, management can be exercised and/or controlled by people without specialized knowledge in management, which may adversely affect the condition and sustainability of cooperatives. The financial performance of cooperatives in the region of Trás-os-Montes and organizational structure allows to conclude that the existence of professional managers does not mean that the Cooperatives show better performance, and thereby sustainability, and that its scope of operation is reduced by controlling the Direction. The analysis of the economic and financial situation, through ratios and indicators, alerting urges managers and CEOs for a high attention to the debt and to the relationship between working capital level and the needs of working capital, because analysis of sensitivity of multicriteria analysis finds that these indicators impair the relationship of cooperatives with greater market presence.
In the country and an region affected by aging population and desertification, as is the case of the DOP "Azeite de Trás-os-Montes" region, the sector of olive growing is very important, because they represent a high percentage of use of the surface agriculture and contributes to the improvement of the trade balance and export-oriented of olive oil. The cooperative sector has an important role in achieving economies of scale, enhanced by increasing the bargaining power of the cooperative, the concentration of supply, by reducing market risk and transaction costs, the privileged access to resources and quality services and food security, facilitating access to the members in the value chain. In Portugal, the cooperative sector has a considerable market share amounting to 30%. The problem associated with the cooperativeness is related to the election of the Corporate Bodies and the appointment of the management. The Corporate Bodies must be constituted, by the obligation of the Statute, for members. Thus, management can be exercised and/or controlled by people without specialized knowledge in management, which may adversely affect the condition and sustainability of cooperatives. The financial performance of cooperatives in the region of Trás-os-Montes and organizational structure allows to conclude that the existence of professional managers does not mean that the Cooperatives show better performance, and thereby sustainability, and that its scope of operation is reduced by controlling the Direction. The analysis of the economic and financial situation, through ratios and indicators, alerting urges managers and CEOs for a high attention to the debt and to the relationship between working capital level and the needs of working capital, because analysis of sensitivity of multicriteria analysis finds that these indicators impair the relationship of cooperatives with greater market presence.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciências Económicas e Empresariais
Palavras-chave
Cooperativismo , Região de Trás-os-Montes (Portugal) , Indicadores económico-financeiros , Finanças empresariais , Análise multicritério