Evolução do emprego nas regiões portuguesas
Ficheiros
Data
2016
Autores
Título da revista
ISSN da revista
Título do Volume
Editora
Resumo
Nos últimos anos, o mercado de trabalho português sofreu importantes transformações na sua estrutura. Devido à recente crise, Portugal foi perdendo as melhorias de emprego acumuladas durante os ciclos de crescimento e o desemprego registou valores históricos. Neste contexto, afigura-se importante analisar as dinâmicas do emprego tanto a nível nacional como regional.
Neste trabalho é efetuada uma caracterização do emprego registado nas regiões Portuguesas desagregadas até ao nível de NUTSIII, desenvolvida através da análise da evolução dos seguintes indicadores: taxa de emprego total, taxa de emprego por sexo, taxa de emprego por grupo etário, taxa de emprego por setor de atividade económica, taxa de emprego por situação na profissão principal e percentagem de trabalhadores por conta de outrem por nível de escolaridade. O período da amostra processa-se em três anos - 1981, 2001 e 2011 – coincidentes com os últimos Censos. A análise desenvolvida permitiu constatar que, entre os Censos de 1981 a 2001, se registou uma ligeira recuperação do emprego em todos os indicadores analisados contrastando com a diminuição ocorrida entre 2001 e 2011. Para todo o período da amostra, Lisboa foi a região que registou as maiores taxas de emprego, enquanto ao nível de NUTSIII se destacou a sub-região da Grande Lisboa. Quanto às restantes características, concluiu-se que, ao longo do período analisado para a generalidade das regiões e sub-regiões portuguesas: (a) existe uma desigualdade em termos de género, sendo a taxa de emprego do sexo masculino superior à do sexo feminino, embora o sexo masculino tenha vindo a perder relevância; (b) a taxa de emprego predomina nos escalões etários entre os 25 e os 54 anos, sendo o grupo dos jovens (15 - 24 anos) aquele que experimentou as maiores quedas de emprego; (c) os últimos anos foram marcados pelo aumento do peso do setor terciário no emprego total e diminuição dos restantes setores; (d) predomina o emprego dos trabalhadores por conta de outrem o qual tem vindo a aumentar ligeiramente, contrastando com a ligeira diminuição nos trabalhadores por conta própria; e (e) os trabalhadores menos escolarizados foram os que sentiram um maior decréscimo no emprego.
Neste trabalho é ainda realizada uma análise da volatilidade e sincronização dos ciclos do emprego nas regiões portuguesas até ao nível desagregado de NUTSIII para o período de 1988 a 2011. Os resultados obtidos apontam para que, em Portugal, apesar da proximidade geográfica das regiões, existem disparidades regionais consideráveis na dispersão e no grau de correlação entre os ciclos do emprego. A nível de NUTSII, o Norte apresentava a associação mais elevada com o ciclo do emprego nacional, enquanto o Alentejo exibia a mais baixa. Em termos de NUTSIII, o grau de sincronização variava consideravelmente entre as sub-regiões, quer com o ciclo nacional, quer com a região a que pertencem.
In recent years, the Portuguese labour market has undergone significant changes in its structure. Due to the recent crisis, Portugal was losing the accumulated employment improvements during growth cycles and unemployment recorded historical values. In this context, it is important to analyze the employment dynamics at national and regional level. In this study is made a characterization of registered employment in the Portuguese NUTSIII level disaggregated regions, developed by analyzing the evolution of the following indicators: overall employment rate, employment rate by sex, employment rate by age group, employment rate by economic sector, employment rate by occupational status, and percentage of workers for others by educational level. The sample period takes place in three years - 1981, 2001 e 2011 – coinciding with the last Census. The analysis allowed to establish that, between the censuses of 1981 to 2001, in all indicators analyzed there was a slight recovery in employment in contrast to the decrease between 2001 and 2011. For the entire sample period, Lisbon was the region that saw the highest rates of employment, while at the level of NUTSIII the sub region of the Greater Lisbon stand out. In the remaining features, it was concluded that, over the analyzed period for all Portuguese regions and sub-regions: (a) there is an inequality in terms of gender, being the employment rate higher for males than females, although males have been losing relevance; (b) the employment rate prevails in the age groups between 25 and 54, being the young people group (15-24 years) the one who experienced the largest declines in employment; (c) the last years were marked by an increase in the tertiary sector share of total employment and decrease in other sectors; (d) there is a prominence in employees which has increased slightly, contrasting to the slight decrease in the self-employed; and (e) the less schooled workers were the ones who felt a greater decrease in employment. In this study it is still analyzed the volatility and synchronization of cycles of employment in the Portuguese NUTSIII level disaggregated regions for the period 1988 to 2011. The results pointed out that in Portugal despite the geographical proximity of the regions, there are considerable regional differences in the dispersion and in the degree of correlation between the cycles of employment. At the level of NUTSII, North recorded the highest association with the national employment cycle, while Alentejo displayed the lowest. In terms of NUTSIII, the degree of synchronization varied considerably among the sub-regions, either with the national cycle either with the region to which they belongs.
In recent years, the Portuguese labour market has undergone significant changes in its structure. Due to the recent crisis, Portugal was losing the accumulated employment improvements during growth cycles and unemployment recorded historical values. In this context, it is important to analyze the employment dynamics at national and regional level. In this study is made a characterization of registered employment in the Portuguese NUTSIII level disaggregated regions, developed by analyzing the evolution of the following indicators: overall employment rate, employment rate by sex, employment rate by age group, employment rate by economic sector, employment rate by occupational status, and percentage of workers for others by educational level. The sample period takes place in three years - 1981, 2001 e 2011 – coinciding with the last Census. The analysis allowed to establish that, between the censuses of 1981 to 2001, in all indicators analyzed there was a slight recovery in employment in contrast to the decrease between 2001 and 2011. For the entire sample period, Lisbon was the region that saw the highest rates of employment, while at the level of NUTSIII the sub region of the Greater Lisbon stand out. In the remaining features, it was concluded that, over the analyzed period for all Portuguese regions and sub-regions: (a) there is an inequality in terms of gender, being the employment rate higher for males than females, although males have been losing relevance; (b) the employment rate prevails in the age groups between 25 and 54, being the young people group (15-24 years) the one who experienced the largest declines in employment; (c) the last years were marked by an increase in the tertiary sector share of total employment and decrease in other sectors; (d) there is a prominence in employees which has increased slightly, contrasting to the slight decrease in the self-employed; and (e) the less schooled workers were the ones who felt a greater decrease in employment. In this study it is still analyzed the volatility and synchronization of cycles of employment in the Portuguese NUTSIII level disaggregated regions for the period 1988 to 2011. The results pointed out that in Portugal despite the geographical proximity of the regions, there are considerable regional differences in the dispersion and in the degree of correlation between the cycles of employment. At the level of NUTSII, North recorded the highest association with the national employment cycle, while Alentejo displayed the lowest. In terms of NUTSIII, the degree of synchronization varied considerably among the sub-regions, either with the national cycle either with the region to which they belongs.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciências Económicas e Empresariais
Palavras-chave
Emprego , Regiões Portuguesas , Sincronização , Ciclos económicos