Atividade física e qualidade de vida na profissão docente: que relação?: estudo de caso
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2016-07-26
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Atualmente, busca-se contrariar a tendência para o sedentarismo e promover a alteração de hábitos sob pena de se inverter a conquista das últimas décadas de longevidade com Qualidade de Vida. No caso dos docentes, esta tomada de posição torna-se mais premente, considerando que é uma profissão de risco, entre outras razões, pelas agravantes de stress do contexto laboral. A presente investigação objetiva refletir sobre estas questões, recorrendo ao estudo de caso focalizado nos docentes de um agrupamento de escolas do interior norte de Portugal para conhecer as suas conceções, hábitos, constrangimentos e nível de Atividade Física (AF), bem como as suas opiniões acerca da possível influência mútua entre AF e Qualidade de Vida (QDV). Nesse intuito, recorreu-se a um inquérito por questionário, online, (versão de Checa (2010) do Questionário de Atividades Físicas Habituais de Baecke et al. (1982), complementado por uma entrevista à diretora do agrupamento, buscando a perspetiva da direção. Os resultados indicam diversidade de comportamentos quanto à AF e grande variabilidade de respostas (embora predominantemente positivas), quanto à QDV, independentemente dos departamentos a que os docentes pertencem. As opiniões acerca da possível influência entre a AF e a QDV são díspares e inconclusivas. O que, sim, poderá inferir-se das suas respostas é a interdependência entre AF Ocupacional e QDV, pela indissociação que os docentes fazem entre profissão e vida pessoal e entre fatores de ordem física, emocional e psicológica pois, em vários itens, consideram a profissão como cansativa, classificando-a com um nível atribuível a profissões fisicamente desgastantes. Como afirma a diretora, as problemáticas vividas na escola condicionam os docentes e interferem no seu bem-estar. Aliás, parece notar-se que este fator será mais relevante do que a saúde, porque uma boa percentagem de respondentes refere necessitar de tratamentos diários, ou frequentes, não deixando de considerar terem uma boa saúde, mas já não é tanto assim, relativamente à sua perceção da QDV. Constata-se que, relativamente à AF Desportiva, apesar da diversidade de práticas, só uma parte dos inquiridos pratica desporto, sendo bem maior o número dos que realizam AF de Lazer e locomoção. Mesmo entre os docentes respondentes considerados inativos, onde os índices são razoavelmente baixos, grande parte demonstrou caminhar. Percebeu-se que as condicionantes presentes na prática/ausência de AF são díspares e inconclusivas, embora haja casos de relevância de alguns itens. Por exemplo, a relação entre género e índice de AF varia: há situações em que é mais clara a relevância do género, sendo, neste caso, as mulheres as mais ativas, mas outros há em que não há relevância visível. Outra variável que os estudos analisados indiciavam ser relevante era a existência de dependentes a cargo como fator inibidor das práticas de AF – desportivas, ou de lazer e locomoção. Ora os resultados obtidos evidenciam, novamente, dispersão de resultados, tornando-os inconclusivos. Em alguns casos, parece evidenciar-se que os docentes com dependentes a cargo são, até, mais ativos. Quanto ao questionário, mostrou-se válido, de fácil acesso e preenchimento. Pondera-se, não obstante, o interesse da construção e validação de uma versão online adequada à realidade portuguesa e, inclusivamente, a pertinência de uma adaptação com questões específicas para docentes.
Nowadays it is the utmost convenience to defeat the tendency to a sedentary lifestyle by promoting the change of habits, or the conquest of the last decades, concerning the longevity with Quality of Life, will be lost. As far as the teachers are concerned this issue is rather accurate since the job itself can be considered as a risk due, among many reasons, to stress in working context. This research reflects upon such issues, focused in the teachers of a interior north of Portugal school aiming to know about their concepts, habits and restraints concerning Physical Activity (PA). Also about the eventual mutual influence between PA and Quality of Life (QLL).With such purpose, an online questionnaire (the Checa (2010) version from the Baecke's et al. Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire (1982), completed by an interview to the school rector was conducted. The results show diversity of behaviours concerning PA and a large variability of answers (although predominantly positive) involving QLL, no matter which departments the teachers belong to. The opinions related to the influence between PA and QLL are diversify and inconclusive. The only point that can be concluded from their answers is the interdependency between occupational PA and QLL based on the disconnection teachers do between their job and their personal life along with physical, emotional or psychological factors. Reasoning their job is tiring, they classify it as exhausting. As the rector stated, nowadays the problems felt in school interfere somehow in the teachers well-being. Moreover such factor is more relevant than health, inasmuch as good percentage of respondents refer the need of daily treatments, or even recurrent ones, however they keep on considering they have a good health. Yet when speaking about QLL they aren’t so conclusive. It was verified that in spite of a great deal of different practices of Sportive PA, only a part of the questioned teachers practices it, yet it considering PA as a leisure or locomotion activity the results are higher. Even among the respondent teachers considered as inactive, where the index is reasonably low, a great percentage declared to walk. The results also show that the constraints in the practice/ absence of PA are unlike and inconclusive, although some items show some significance, for example, the relation between the gender and the index of PA varies. There are some situations in which the relevancy of gender is more clear – being, in this case, women the most active, however this variant cannot be considered in many other cases. Another variant according to the attained study is that the dependents in charge as an inhibiting factor of PA practices be it either in sportive or leisure and locomotion. Once again, the attained outcomes show clearly, an enormous breakup of results leading to inconclusive results. In some case, it seems clear the teachers with dependents in charge are even more active. As far as the questionnaire is concerned it has shown to be valid, easy in fulfilling and access. Still it would be rather adequate to build and validate an online version adapted to the Portuguese reality where specific questions concerning the teachers way of life would be made and evaluated.
Nowadays it is the utmost convenience to defeat the tendency to a sedentary lifestyle by promoting the change of habits, or the conquest of the last decades, concerning the longevity with Quality of Life, will be lost. As far as the teachers are concerned this issue is rather accurate since the job itself can be considered as a risk due, among many reasons, to stress in working context. This research reflects upon such issues, focused in the teachers of a interior north of Portugal school aiming to know about their concepts, habits and restraints concerning Physical Activity (PA). Also about the eventual mutual influence between PA and Quality of Life (QLL).With such purpose, an online questionnaire (the Checa (2010) version from the Baecke's et al. Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire (1982), completed by an interview to the school rector was conducted. The results show diversity of behaviours concerning PA and a large variability of answers (although predominantly positive) involving QLL, no matter which departments the teachers belong to. The opinions related to the influence between PA and QLL are diversify and inconclusive. The only point that can be concluded from their answers is the interdependency between occupational PA and QLL based on the disconnection teachers do between their job and their personal life along with physical, emotional or psychological factors. Reasoning their job is tiring, they classify it as exhausting. As the rector stated, nowadays the problems felt in school interfere somehow in the teachers well-being. Moreover such factor is more relevant than health, inasmuch as good percentage of respondents refer the need of daily treatments, or even recurrent ones, however they keep on considering they have a good health. Yet when speaking about QLL they aren’t so conclusive. It was verified that in spite of a great deal of different practices of Sportive PA, only a part of the questioned teachers practices it, yet it considering PA as a leisure or locomotion activity the results are higher. Even among the respondent teachers considered as inactive, where the index is reasonably low, a great percentage declared to walk. The results also show that the constraints in the practice/ absence of PA are unlike and inconclusive, although some items show some significance, for example, the relation between the gender and the index of PA varies. There are some situations in which the relevancy of gender is more clear – being, in this case, women the most active, however this variant cannot be considered in many other cases. Another variant according to the attained study is that the dependents in charge as an inhibiting factor of PA practices be it either in sportive or leisure and locomotion. Once again, the attained outcomes show clearly, an enormous breakup of results leading to inconclusive results. In some case, it seems clear the teachers with dependents in charge are even more active. As far as the questionnaire is concerned it has shown to be valid, easy in fulfilling and access. Still it would be rather adequate to build and validate an online version adapted to the Portuguese reality where specific questions concerning the teachers way of life would be made and evaluated.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Ensino de Educação Física, nos Ensinos Básico e Secundário
Palavras-chave
Atividade física , Qualidade de vida , Profissão docente , Stresse , Sedentarismo