O contributo da História das Ciências para a aprendizagem das ciências: um estudo com alunos do 10º ano de Biologia e Geologia
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2016-08-19
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Ao longo dos últimos anos, a investigação em Ensino das Ciências tem evidenciado a relevância do papel desempenhado pela História da Ciência no ensino e aprendizagem das mesmas. A inclusão da História da Ciência nos currículos científicos pode ajudar os alunos a terem uma visão mais modesta da ciência, bem como compreender que o que consta dos manuais hoje terá obrigatoriamente de ser alterado daqui a cinco anos (Silva & Rodrigues, 2012).
O relatório que aqui apresentamos contempla dois estudos realizados no âmbito da prática de ensino supervisionada, implementados com duas turmas do 10º ano de escolaridade, na Escola Secundária de São Pedro, durante o ano letivo de 2014/2015, e ainda uma reflexão global sobre o estágio desenvolvido. Estes estudos tiveram como principal objetivo avaliar a influência da História da Ciência na aprendizagem.
A metodologia adotada foi do tipo investigação-ação e utilizou-se uma amostra constituída por 23 alunos na turma em estudo (turma A) e 25 alunos (turma B) na amostra de conveniência. Elaborámos dois questionários como instrumentos de recolha de dados que foram utilizados como pré-teste e pós-teste. Estes instrumentos foram previamente validados por dois especialistas da área da disciplina das ciências. Foi planeada para cada um dos estudos uma intervenção, durante a qual recorremos à História da Ciência. Elaborámos materiais/recursos como textos informativos, fichas de trabalho, protocolos de atividades experimentais e fichas de avaliação sumativa, referenciando sempre contextos e personalidades da História da Ciência relevantes no domínio da Vulcanologia e da Membrana Celular, que foram as temáticas trabalhadas.
Constatámos, através dos resultados obtidos, que a metodologia adotada e as diversas estratégias e recursos utilizados permitiram atingir os objetivos pretendidos.
Com este relatório esperamos sensibilizar para a utilização da História da Ciência como meio de motivação dos alunos; relacionar os resultados científicos com a mudança das práticas letivas e a abertura a novas metodologias de trabalho.
A realização deste relatório e respetivo estágio pedagógico contribuíram para a nossa formação, possibilitando-nos adquirir novos conhecimentos e partilhar novas experiências.
Over the past few years, researches in Science Teaching have proven the relevance of the role played by the History of Science in its education and learning. The inclusion of the History of Science in scientific CVs can help students have a more modest view on science, as well as understanding that what is in the books will be mandatorily modified in about five years (Silva & Rodrigues, 2012). This report includes two studies carried out under the pedagogical practice, implemented in two 10th grade classes, at Escola Secundária de São Pedro, during the school year of 2014/2015, and also an overall assessment on the internship. The main objective of these studies was to evaluate the influence of the History of Science in schooling. The adopted methodology was the type action-research, using a sample of 23 students in the class under study (turma A) and 25 students in the control class (turma B). Two questionnaires were created as tools for data collection, and were used as pretest and posttest. These instruments were previously validated by two experts in the field of science teaching. It was planned, for each study, an intervention during which we resorted to the History of Science. We created working materials such as informative texts, worksheets, experimental activities protocols and summative evaluation forms, always referring to contexts and referencing personalities of the History of Science that were relevant in the fields of Volcanology and the Cell Membrane, that were the themes approached. We concluded, through the results obtained, that the adopted methodology and the several strategies and resources used allowed the achievement of the intended goals. With this report, we hope to raise awareness of the use of History of Science as a mean to motivate students, relate the scientific results with the change of teaching practices and provide new working methods. The making of this report and the teaching practice we got from the internship contributed to our training, enabling us to acquire new knowledge and share new experiences.
Over the past few years, researches in Science Teaching have proven the relevance of the role played by the History of Science in its education and learning. The inclusion of the History of Science in scientific CVs can help students have a more modest view on science, as well as understanding that what is in the books will be mandatorily modified in about five years (Silva & Rodrigues, 2012). This report includes two studies carried out under the pedagogical practice, implemented in two 10th grade classes, at Escola Secundária de São Pedro, during the school year of 2014/2015, and also an overall assessment on the internship. The main objective of these studies was to evaluate the influence of the History of Science in schooling. The adopted methodology was the type action-research, using a sample of 23 students in the class under study (turma A) and 25 students in the control class (turma B). Two questionnaires were created as tools for data collection, and were used as pretest and posttest. These instruments were previously validated by two experts in the field of science teaching. It was planned, for each study, an intervention during which we resorted to the History of Science. We created working materials such as informative texts, worksheets, experimental activities protocols and summative evaluation forms, always referring to contexts and referencing personalities of the History of Science that were relevant in the fields of Volcanology and the Cell Membrane, that were the themes approached. We concluded, through the results obtained, that the adopted methodology and the several strategies and resources used allowed the achievement of the intended goals. With this report, we hope to raise awareness of the use of History of Science as a mean to motivate students, relate the scientific results with the change of teaching practices and provide new working methods. The making of this report and the teaching practice we got from the internship contributed to our training, enabling us to acquire new knowledge and share new experiences.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Ensino de Biologia e Geologia no 3º Ciclo do Ensino Básico e no Ensino Secundário
Palavras-chave
Ensino das ciências , Aprendizagem , História da ciência , Biologia , Geologia