Estudo e dimensionamento de sistemas hibridos eólico-fotovoltaicos
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2017-07-05
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Com o aumento do consumo de energia, associado aos malefícios provocados pelos recursos fósseis, surge a necessidade de apostar em sistemas que utilizem fontes renováveis. A dissertação presente demonstra o dimensionamento de sistemas eólicos, fotovoltaicos ou híbridos eólico-fotovoltaicos, permitindo a seleção de distintos componentes.
Para atingir esse objetivo, foi criado um modelo de simulação computacional em linguagem C#, capaz de quantificar a energia produzida pelos distintos sistemas permitindo que a energia produzida seja utilizada para autoconsumo ou interligação à rede. O modelo permitirá a realização de uma avaliação económica, apresentando valores para o payback, VAL e TIR, e uma avaliação ambiental, comparando a quantidade de CO2 e resíduos radioativos que seriam emitidos se a energia fosse produzida por fontes convencionais. O dimensionamento dos sistemas variará de acordo com as características do local (radiação solar incidente, perfil de velocidade do vento e a rugosidade do solo) e com as definições do utilizador, já que lhe será oferecido distintas opções para seleção de módulos fotovoltaicos, de aerogeradores, de baterias, de controladores de carga e de inversores, para além das simulações em função de perfis de consumo.
Como prova da funcionalidade e validade do modelo computacional, foram dimensionados três casos distintos, utilizando todos os sistemas que o modelo apresenta, para verificar em que condições um sistema apresenta melhores resultados sobre outro.
O primeiro caso trata-se de uma habitação isolada no concelho de Vila Real, onde o sistema mais indicado foi o híbrido, obtendo valores económicos interessantes uma vez que um capital de 6376€, seria recuperado em aproximadamente 5 anos, e gera uma VAL próxima de 5000€. A segunda situação, localizada em Valença, trata-se de geração de energia para venda total à rede, sendo o sistema fotovoltaico mais indicado, apresentando um investimento aproximado de 6800€, recuperado em 12 anos, gerando uma VAL negativa de 1565€. O último caso, situado em Fafe, onde é pretendido consumir a energia produzida e vender o excedente, através de um investimento de 4150€ num sistema hibrido, o capital é recuperado em quase 8 anos e gera uma VAL de 600€.
With the increase of energy consumption, associated to the damage caused by fossil resources, comes the need to invest in systems that use renewable sources. This thesis shows the sizing of wind, photovoltaic or wind-PV hybrid systems, allowing the selection of different components. The dissertation aims at the development of a computer simulation model in C# language, capable of quantifying the energy produced by the diferent systems, allowing the energy produced is used for own consumption or connected to the grid. The model will allow economic evaluation, with values for payback, NPW and IRR, and environmental evaluation, comparing the amount of CO2 and radioactive waste that would be issued if the energy were produced by conventional sources. The dimensioning of the systems will vary under local characteristics (solar radiation, wind speed profile and ground roughness) and user settings, as it will be offer different options to select PV modules, wind turbines, batteries, charge controllers and inverters, in addition to simulations dependent on consumption profiles. As proof of the functionality and validity of the computer model, three separate cases were sized using all systems that the model presents to verify the conditions under which a system performs better over another. The first case is an isolated house in Vila Real municipality, where the hybrid system was the most appropriate, since an investment of 6376 € would be recovered in about 5 years, and generates an NPW of 5000 €. The second situation, located in Valencia, it is about selling energy to the grid where the most suitable system is the PV, demonstrating that with an investment of approximately 6800 €, recovered in 12 years, it generated a negative NPW 1565 €. The last case, located in Fafe, is intended to consume the energy produced and sell the excess. Through an investment of 4150€ in a hybrid system, the capital is recovered in almost 8 years and generates an NPW of 600€.
With the increase of energy consumption, associated to the damage caused by fossil resources, comes the need to invest in systems that use renewable sources. This thesis shows the sizing of wind, photovoltaic or wind-PV hybrid systems, allowing the selection of different components. The dissertation aims at the development of a computer simulation model in C# language, capable of quantifying the energy produced by the diferent systems, allowing the energy produced is used for own consumption or connected to the grid. The model will allow economic evaluation, with values for payback, NPW and IRR, and environmental evaluation, comparing the amount of CO2 and radioactive waste that would be issued if the energy were produced by conventional sources. The dimensioning of the systems will vary under local characteristics (solar radiation, wind speed profile and ground roughness) and user settings, as it will be offer different options to select PV modules, wind turbines, batteries, charge controllers and inverters, in addition to simulations dependent on consumption profiles. As proof of the functionality and validity of the computer model, three separate cases were sized using all systems that the model presents to verify the conditions under which a system performs better over another. The first case is an isolated house in Vila Real municipality, where the hybrid system was the most appropriate, since an investment of 6376 € would be recovered in about 5 years, and generates an NPW of 5000 €. The second situation, located in Valencia, it is about selling energy to the grid where the most suitable system is the PV, demonstrating that with an investment of approximately 6800 €, recovered in 12 years, it generated a negative NPW 1565 €. The last case, located in Fafe, is intended to consume the energy produced and sell the excess. Through an investment of 4150€ in a hybrid system, the capital is recovered in almost 8 years and generates an NPW of 600€.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Mecânica
Palavras-chave
Energias renováveis , Sistemas eólicos , Sistemas fotovoltaicos , Híbridos eólico-fotovoltaico