Caracterização e contabilização da disponibilidade em biomassa florestal no concelho do Sabugal
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2017-08-29
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Nos últimos anos os incêndios florestais têm sido uma realidade e um problema em Portugal Continental. Nesta dissertação iremos estudar os dados das áreas ardidas no nosso país, e mais detalhadamente no concelho do Sabugal.
Portugal tem gasto, em média, quatro vezes mais no combate do que na prevenção. De modo a inverter esses dados, o presente trabalho irá se focar no aproveitamento de matos para a produção de energia. A utilização de matos para energia, permite aumentar a produção de energia proveniente de fontes de energia renováveis e assim cumprir as metas estabelecidas pela União Europeia, em relação às energias renováveis.
Este trabalho demostra como os Sistemas de Informação Geográfica são uma ferramenta fundamental, quer para a quantificação de biomassa florestal, quer para definir classes de explorabilidade.
De modo a criar um modelo de exploração de biomassa florestal para o concelho do Sabugal, proveniente da regeneração natural de matos e vegetação arbustiva, foram calculadas as quantidades de biomassa que regenera após um incêndio florestal e os matos que estão definidos na COS 2007 Nível 5. Tendo as classes de quantidades de biomassa, recalculámos as classes de declive e de distâncias à rede viária, de forma a criarmos um modelo de acessibilidade à biomassa.
Através dos SIG chegámos a um modelo que permite observar os locais onde existem maiores quantidades de biomassa (nomeadamente matos) e onde é de mais fácil acesso para a sua exploração, conseguindo assim um modelo de exploração sustentável, ecológico e rentável, de modo a produzir uma energia renovável e diminuir a carga combustível no concelho do Sabugal, permitindo assim diminuir os incêndios florestais no concelho.
In the last years, forest fires have been a reality and a problem in Portugal. In this dissertation we will study the data of the burned areas in our country, and in more detail in Sabugal county. Portugal has spent on average four times more in combat than in prevention and in order to reverse these data, this study will focus on the use of brushwood for the production of energy. The use of brushwood for energy can increase energy production from renewable energy sources and thus meet the goals set by the European Union in relation to renewable energy. This work show how the geographical information systems are an essential tool, either for the quantification of forest biomass or for defining classes exploitability. In order to create a forest biomass exploration model for the county of Sabugal, from the natural regeneration of brushwood and scrub vegetation, the quantities of biomass that regenerates after a forest fire and the brushwood that are defined in COS 2007 Level 5 were calculated. Since the amounts of biomass classes, the slope classes and the distance to the road network were calculated, in order to create a model of accessibility to the biomass Through the GIS we reached a model that allows us to observe the places where there is greater quantities of biomass (namely brushwood) and where it is easier to access for their operation, thereby achieving sustainable model of exploitation, ecological and profitable in order to produce a renewable energy and reduce the fuel charge in Sabugal county, thus decreasing forest fires in the county.
In the last years, forest fires have been a reality and a problem in Portugal. In this dissertation we will study the data of the burned areas in our country, and in more detail in Sabugal county. Portugal has spent on average four times more in combat than in prevention and in order to reverse these data, this study will focus on the use of brushwood for the production of energy. The use of brushwood for energy can increase energy production from renewable energy sources and thus meet the goals set by the European Union in relation to renewable energy. This work show how the geographical information systems are an essential tool, either for the quantification of forest biomass or for defining classes exploitability. In order to create a forest biomass exploration model for the county of Sabugal, from the natural regeneration of brushwood and scrub vegetation, the quantities of biomass that regenerates after a forest fire and the brushwood that are defined in COS 2007 Level 5 were calculated. Since the amounts of biomass classes, the slope classes and the distance to the road network were calculated, in order to create a model of accessibility to the biomass Through the GIS we reached a model that allows us to observe the places where there is greater quantities of biomass (namely brushwood) and where it is easier to access for their operation, thereby achieving sustainable model of exploitation, ecological and profitable in order to produce a renewable energy and reduce the fuel charge in Sabugal county, thus decreasing forest fires in the county.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Sistemas de Informação Geográfica
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Sistema de informação geográfica , Incêndios florestais , Biomassa , Mato , Energias renováveis