Sistemas fotovoltaicos: análise comparativa de programas de modelação de energia
Data
2017-12-21
Autores
Título da revista
ISSN da revista
Título do Volume
Editora
Resumo
A procura de energia tem vindo a aumentar bastante e a utilização de combustíveis fósseis para satisfazer as necessidades energéticas ainda é a opção mais utilizada em todo o mundo. No entanto a Comissão Europeia aprovou políticas energéticas com o propósito de reduzir as emissões de gases com efeitos de estufa, aumentar a produção e consumo de energias renováveis e melhorar a eficiência energética. Estes objetivos são fundamentais para combater os problemas ambientais que se fazem sentir em todo o planeta e diminuir a dependência de energia importada. A energia fotovoltaica é uma tecnologia em constante estudo e por isso vários departamentos de energia trabalham com o objetivo de aumentar o rendimento dos módulos, assim como descobrir novos materiais para o fabrico de células. Contudo, Portugal já apresenta um grande potencial solar e nos últimos anos tem apostado bastante na energia fotovoltaica tanto em pequena como em grande escala. Atualmente os programas de simulação fotovoltaica têm grande importância no estudo e previsão da produção de energia. O que se traduz num aumento do número de softwares assim como as atualizações, no entanto a sua precisão não é a mais correta. Neste sentido a presente dissertação compara vários programas de modelação de energia, com o objetivo de verificar as principais distinções e lacunas. Para o efeito foram simulados três casos de estudo e comparou-se os seus resultados com os registados pelos sistemas fotovoltaicos. Inicialmente foi efetuado a descrição dos softwares utilizados assim como os casos de estudo. Posteriormente foram realizadas várias análises comparativas como por exemplo, a comparação de programas com os mesmos dados de irradiação, comparação de dois métodos distintos de simulação no próprio programa e comparação dos resultados através do cálculo analítico em relação ao simulado e real. Por fim constata-se vários aspetos importantes tal como, o melhor programa de modelação de energia para cada caso de estudo dependendo do ano de produção e também conhecer de que forma a variação da irradiação influencia os resultados de produção de energia.
The energy demand has been increasing and the use of fossil fuels to satisfy the energy needs is still the choice most used in the world. However, the European Commission has approved energy policies which goals are to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases, to rise the production and renewables energies consumption and improve the energy efficiency. These goals are very important to strike the environmental issues that are felt in all planet and to decrease the dependency of imported energy. Photovoltaic energy is still a technology in study and for that reason many energy departments have been working with the purpose of rising the modules income, as much as finding new materials for the cells production. However, Portugal already has a great solar potential and in the latest years has been investing in photovoltaic energy such in small as in large scale. Currently, the photovoltaic simulation programs have a huge importance in the study and in the forecast of energy production. This has resulted in an increase in amount of software and actualizations but its accuracy is not the most correct. Therefore, the present thesis compares several energy modelling programs which purpose is to identify failures and main differences. For that, were simulated three study cases and compared the obtained results with the recorded data from the photovoltaic systems. Firstly, was made a description of the software in use as well as the study cases. After that, were made many comparative analyses such as, the comparison of programs with the same irradiation data, the comparison of two different methods of simulation in the same program and the comparison of results through the analytic calculation between the simulated and real data. Lastly, it is possible to observe several important aspects such as, the best energy modelling program for each study case according to the production year and to know how irradiation variance affects the energy production results.
The energy demand has been increasing and the use of fossil fuels to satisfy the energy needs is still the choice most used in the world. However, the European Commission has approved energy policies which goals are to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases, to rise the production and renewables energies consumption and improve the energy efficiency. These goals are very important to strike the environmental issues that are felt in all planet and to decrease the dependency of imported energy. Photovoltaic energy is still a technology in study and for that reason many energy departments have been working with the purpose of rising the modules income, as much as finding new materials for the cells production. However, Portugal already has a great solar potential and in the latest years has been investing in photovoltaic energy such in small as in large scale. Currently, the photovoltaic simulation programs have a huge importance in the study and in the forecast of energy production. This has resulted in an increase in amount of software and actualizations but its accuracy is not the most correct. Therefore, the present thesis compares several energy modelling programs which purpose is to identify failures and main differences. For that, were simulated three study cases and compared the obtained results with the recorded data from the photovoltaic systems. Firstly, was made a description of the software in use as well as the study cases. After that, were made many comparative analyses such as, the comparison of programs with the same irradiation data, the comparison of two different methods of simulation in the same program and the comparison of results through the analytic calculation between the simulated and real data. Lastly, it is possible to observe several important aspects such as, the best energy modelling program for each study case according to the production year and to know how irradiation variance affects the energy production results.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Energia fotovoltaica , Irradiação , Programa de simulação fotovoltaica , Sistemas fotovoltaicos