Utilização de implante de acetato de deslorelina no controlo de problemas reprodutivos em psitacídeos – Análise de casos clínicos
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2018-07-20
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Embora as doenças reprodutivas, como a ovopostura persistente e distócia, sejam relativamente facéis de diagnosticar, o tratamento ideal permanece ainda por definir. Tendo em conta o alto risco cirúrgico e anestésico da salpingohisterectomia, associado a um prognóstico reservado, sobretudo em aves de pequena dimensão, o tratamento hormonal com recurso a hormonas agonistas da GnRH (acetato de leuprorelina e acetato de deslorelina), têm sido, cada vez mais, utilizadas em aves como opção terapêutica na resolução destas doenças reprodutivas. Embora o acetato de leuprorelina apresente uma eficácia comprovada na regulação de problemas reprodutivos em diversas espécies de aves, o acetato de deslorelina, que apesar de ainda pouco reportada em aves, apresenta por comparação um efeito bastante superior no que respeita à supressão da atividade gonadal cíclica. Por este motivo, o uso do implante de acetato de deslorelina tem-se tornado, cada vez mais, o tratamento médico de eleição no tratamento e prevenção das diversas entidades clínicas de origem reprodutiva em aves. No presente trabalho são discutidos seis casos clínicos em psitacídeos tratados com implantes de acetato de deslorelina, tendo como objetivo, comprovar a eficácia do implante hormonal no controlo e prevenção da distócia e ovopostura persistente, e a sua segurança em animais submetidos a múltiplas inoculações do implante. Para além disso, foi registada e comparada, a durabilidade estimada de cada implante hormonal em diferentes espécies de psitacídeos. O uso do implante de acetato de deslorelina revelou-se eficaz no controlo da ovopostura persistente crónica em todos os casos clínicos apresentados e enquanto medida preventiva efetiva na ocorrência de distócia, registada anteriormente em 3 dos 6 casos clínicos. A duração média em dias do efeito supressivo reprodutivo de cada implante hormonal variou com a espécie tratada, sendo em média 335±62 dias na Agapornis roseicollis, 357±28 dias na Agapornis personata, 167±19 dias na Nymphicus hollandicus, 330±26 dias na Psittacus erithacus, 354±118 dias na Pionus chalcopterus e 332±24 dias na Amazona ochrocephala. De salientar que nenhuma ave apresentou efeitos adversos relacionados com o uso do implante de acetato de deslorelina.
Although reproductive diseases such as the chronic egg laying and dystocia are relatively easy to diagnose, the identification of the ideal treatment remains undefined. Considering the high surgical and anesthetic risk of salpingohysterectomy, associated with a reserved prognosis, especially in small birds, the hormonal treatment with GnRH agonist hormones (leuprolide acetate and deslorelin acetate), has been increasingly used in birds as a therapeutic option in the resolution of these reproductive pathologies. Leuprorelin acetate has a proven efficacy in the regulation of reproductive problems in several species of birds, but deslorelin acetate, although not so frequently reported in birds, it has a much longer half life regarding the suppression of cyclic gonadal activity. For that reason, the use of deslorelin acetate implant has increasingly become the golden standard treatment and prevention of various clinical disorders related to reproduction in birds. Six clinical cases of psittacines that were submitted to multiple inoculations of deslorelin acetate implants were presented in the present dissertation. They revealed the efficacy of the deslorelin acetate implant in the control/prevention of chronic egg laying and dystocia. Also, their safety has been verified in animals submitted to multiple inoculations of the hormonal implant. Also, the estimated durability of the suppressor effect on each hormonal implant was recorded and compared in the different species of psittacine birds. The use of deslorelin acetate implant proved to be effective in controlling chronic persistent ovoposture in all the presented clinical cases. It also showed to be an effective preventative measure of dystocia occurrence, previously reported in 3 of the 6 clinical cases. The mean duration of the reproductive suppressive effect of each hormonal implant varied between the treated species, being of 335 ± 62 days in Agapornis roseicollis, 357 ± 28 days in Agapornis personata, 167 ± 19 days in Nymphicus hollandicus, 330 ± 26 days in Psittacus erithacus, 354 ± 118 days in Pionus chalcopterus and 332 ± 24 days in Amazonia ochrocephala. It should be noted that no birds had adverse effects related to the use of the deslorelin acetate implant.
Although reproductive diseases such as the chronic egg laying and dystocia are relatively easy to diagnose, the identification of the ideal treatment remains undefined. Considering the high surgical and anesthetic risk of salpingohysterectomy, associated with a reserved prognosis, especially in small birds, the hormonal treatment with GnRH agonist hormones (leuprolide acetate and deslorelin acetate), has been increasingly used in birds as a therapeutic option in the resolution of these reproductive pathologies. Leuprorelin acetate has a proven efficacy in the regulation of reproductive problems in several species of birds, but deslorelin acetate, although not so frequently reported in birds, it has a much longer half life regarding the suppression of cyclic gonadal activity. For that reason, the use of deslorelin acetate implant has increasingly become the golden standard treatment and prevention of various clinical disorders related to reproduction in birds. Six clinical cases of psittacines that were submitted to multiple inoculations of deslorelin acetate implants were presented in the present dissertation. They revealed the efficacy of the deslorelin acetate implant in the control/prevention of chronic egg laying and dystocia. Also, their safety has been verified in animals submitted to multiple inoculations of the hormonal implant. Also, the estimated durability of the suppressor effect on each hormonal implant was recorded and compared in the different species of psittacine birds. The use of deslorelin acetate implant proved to be effective in controlling chronic persistent ovoposture in all the presented clinical cases. It also showed to be an effective preventative measure of dystocia occurrence, previously reported in 3 of the 6 clinical cases. The mean duration of the reproductive suppressive effect of each hormonal implant varied between the treated species, being of 335 ± 62 days in Agapornis roseicollis, 357 ± 28 days in Agapornis personata, 167 ± 19 days in Nymphicus hollandicus, 330 ± 26 days in Psittacus erithacus, 354 ± 118 days in Pionus chalcopterus and 332 ± 24 days in Amazonia ochrocephala. It should be noted that no birds had adverse effects related to the use of the deslorelin acetate implant.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Palavras-chave
ovopostura persistente , distócia , acetato de deslorelina , psitacídeos