Fatores relacionados com a literacia para a saúde dos alunos do 2º e 3º ciclo de uma escola do distrito de Bragança
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2018-11-02
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O conceito de literacia para a saúde (LS) tem vindo a assumir muita importância, por se verificar
que influencia o modo como as pessoas encaram a sua saúde. Diversos estudos mostram que
um nível adequado ou elevado de LS melhora a qualidade de vida ao longo de todo o ciclo vital.
O objetivo principal deste estudo foi identificar fatores relacionados com o nível de LS dos
alunos participantes no estudo.
Tratou-se de um estudo descritivo-correlacional e transversal de abordagem quantitativa, com
uma amostra de 64 alunos do 2º e 3º ciclo. Para a colheita de dados foi utilizado um questionário
validado para o efeito, o Questionário Europeu de Literacia para a Saúde em Português (HLSEU-PT), que foi aplicado pela investigadora. Os dados foram inseridos e tratados no Statistical
Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS versão 25).
A maioria dos alunos era do sexo masculino (51,6%), pertencia ao grupo etário 13-15 anos
(53,1%), frequentava o 8º ano de escolaridade (32,8%) e auferia de subsídio escolar (65,6%).
A escolaridade dos pais/encarregados de educação era maioritariamente o Nível 1 (30,1%). A
maioria dos inquiridos referiu participar nos Programas de Saúde Escolar (58,7%). O nível de
LS dos alunos era não limitado em todas as dimensões, sendo que a categoria L. suficiente
ronda os 35% em todas as dimensões, sendo de L. excelente na dimensão “Promoção da Saúde”.
O nível de LS Global difere significativamente entre os grupos etários (t: p<0,002), entre os
diferentes anos de escolaridade, nomeadamente, entre o 5º e 9º ano de escolaridade (Post-Hoc:
p<0,004) e quanto à participação em PSE (KW: p<0,010), sendo que os alunos mais velhos, os
que frequentavam o 9º ano de escolaridade e os que participavam nos Programas de Saúde
Escolar, possuíam um nível de LS global mais elevado.
Os fatores que influenciam a LS dos alunos estudados são a idade dos alunos, o ano de
escolaridade e a participação em PSE. As variáveis sexo, subsidio escolar e escolaridade dos
encarregados de educação não se relacionam com o índice de literacia para a saúde. Este estudo
poderá contribuir para a melhoria dos cuidados de Enfermagem prestados, no âmbito da Saúde
Escolar
The concept of health literacy has become very important because it influence how people view their health. Several studies have shown that an adequate or high level of health literacy improves quality of life throughout the life cycle. The main objective of this study was to identify factors related to the LS level of the students participating in the study. This was a descriptive-correlational and cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, with a sample of 64 students in the 2nd and 3rd cycle. A validated questionnaire was used to collect the data, the European Questionnaire on Health Literacy Portuguese version, which was applied by the researcher. The data were inserted and treated in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 25). The majority of the students were male (51.6%), belonged to the age group 13-15 years old (53.1%), attended the 8th year of schooling (32.8%) and had a school subsidy (65, 6%). The educational level of parents/guardians was mostly Level 1 (30.1%). Most of respondents reported participating in the School Health Programs (58.7%). The level of health literacy of the students was not limited in all dimensions, and the category sufficient literacy is around 35% in all dimensions, and excellent literacy in the "Health Promotion" dimension. Global health literacy’s level differs significantly between the age groups (t: p <0.002), between the different years of schooling, namely between the 5th and 9th year of schooling (Post-Hoc: p <0.004) and the participation in (KW: p <0.010), with the oldest students, those attending the 9th year of schooling and those participating in the School Health Programs, who had a higher overall health literacy level. The factors influencing the level of health literacy of the studied students are the age of the students, the year of schooling and the participation in school health programs. The variables gender, school subsidy and education of the caregivers are not related to the Health Literacy Index. This study may contribute to the improvement of Nursing care provided in the field of School Health.
The concept of health literacy has become very important because it influence how people view their health. Several studies have shown that an adequate or high level of health literacy improves quality of life throughout the life cycle. The main objective of this study was to identify factors related to the LS level of the students participating in the study. This was a descriptive-correlational and cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, with a sample of 64 students in the 2nd and 3rd cycle. A validated questionnaire was used to collect the data, the European Questionnaire on Health Literacy Portuguese version, which was applied by the researcher. The data were inserted and treated in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 25). The majority of the students were male (51.6%), belonged to the age group 13-15 years old (53.1%), attended the 8th year of schooling (32.8%) and had a school subsidy (65, 6%). The educational level of parents/guardians was mostly Level 1 (30.1%). Most of respondents reported participating in the School Health Programs (58.7%). The level of health literacy of the students was not limited in all dimensions, and the category sufficient literacy is around 35% in all dimensions, and excellent literacy in the "Health Promotion" dimension. Global health literacy’s level differs significantly between the age groups (t: p <0.002), between the different years of schooling, namely between the 5th and 9th year of schooling (Post-Hoc: p <0.004) and the participation in (KW: p <0.010), with the oldest students, those attending the 9th year of schooling and those participating in the School Health Programs, who had a higher overall health literacy level. The factors influencing the level of health literacy of the studied students are the age of the students, the year of schooling and the participation in school health programs. The variables gender, school subsidy and education of the caregivers are not related to the Health Literacy Index. This study may contribute to the improvement of Nursing care provided in the field of School Health.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Enfermagem Comunitária apresentada à Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro
Palavras-chave
Literacia para a Saúde , Alunos , Saúde Escolar , HLS-EU-PT