Influência da condição corporal na produtividade de reprodutoras
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2020-01-21
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Com o aumento contínuo dos índices produtivos na suinicultura, um controlo de tudo o que influencia o animal desde o maneio ambiental ao maneio alimentar e profilático é essencial para tornar uma exploração mais produtiva. A condição corporal (CC) das reprodutoras pode ser um bom indicador do seu estado fisiológico e também do nível de maneio e cuidado a que estão submetidas, de forma a poderem evidenciar todo o seu potencial produtivo. Existem diferentes formas de avaliar a CC de uma porca reprodutora, desde avaliações e classificações mais subjetivas até mensurações objetivas da espessura de gordura dorsal (EGD) em milímetros (mm). De forma a conseguir perceber se a CC estava a ter influência na eficiência produtiva de uma exploração, procedeu-se a medições de EGD e à consulta do histórico de medições prévias, de maneira a fazer uma avaliação da evolução da CC dos animais, cruzando os dados dessas medições com os resultados produtivos. O estudo realizou-se na Quinta da Balhôa, onde se encontra a exploração TiAntónio, com a recolha de dados a ser feita entre 28 de fevereiro e 23 de maio de 2019. Foram registadas 6 900 medições, sendo a maioria prévias ao estudo. Estas medições foram efetuadas ao desmame (EGDdesm), ao 30º (EGD30), 60º (EGD60) e por volta do 107º dia de gestação (EGDmat), aquando da entrada da reprodutora na maternidade, com 2 517, 159, 2 081 e 2 143 medições, respetivamente. Inicialmente, foi feita uma análise estatística preliminar com o programa SAS, para obter as estatísticas descritivas e as frequências. De seguida, foi feita uma estimativa dos coeficientes de correlação de Pearson com o programa SAS, uma análise ANOVA e testes de Tukey com o programa JMP. Em último lugar, novamente com o programa SAS, foi feita uma análise ao número de leitões nascidos vivos e desmamados, que incluiu como efeitos fixos o ano e mês de parto e como covariáveis lineares a EGD ao desmame, EGD à entrada para a maternidade e o número de ciclos da reprodutora. As medições médias das avaliações foram de 15,58 mm de EGDdesm, 17,30 mm de EGD60 e 18,46 mm de EGDmat. Foram agrupados os dados dos anos 2014-2018 (por serem semelhantes) que apresentaram valores de 15,4 mm de EGDdesm, 17,0 mm de EGD60 e 18,4 mm de EGDmat, que foram comparados o ano de 2019, com dados de EGDdesm de 16,5 mm, 19,6 mm de EGD60 e 21,7 mm de EGDmat. Conclui-se com este estudo que a EGD não apresentou influência nos resultados produtivos da exploração. No entanto, quando comparada com os valores referenciados na bibliografia, as reprodutoras em 2019 apresentaram uma CC excessiva em relação ao recomendado e também em relação aos anos anteriores, tendo apresentado resultados produtivos semelhantes. Parece então possível que com os valores recomendados para a CC e usuais na exploração em anos anteriores se obtêm os mesmos resultados produtivos, podendo poupar-se no gasto de alimentos e no seu custo. Assim, um programa alimentar mais adequado e individualizado traria mais benefícios para o produtor. A normalização, a rotina de avaliações à CC e a criação de uma base de dados para essas avaliações seria uma mais-valia para assegurar o bem-estar dos animais ao longo da sua vida produtiva e aumentar a eficiência da exploração.
With the continuous increase in swine productivity, a bigger control of everything that influences the animal, starting with the environmental management until feeding and prophylactic management is essential to make a farm more productive. Body condition score (CC) of sows can be a good indicator of their physiological state because bad management of any kind influences the animal, not allowing it to reach its full potential. There are some different ways of evaluating CC of a sow, from subjective evaluations and classifications up to objective backfat thickness (EGD) measurements in millimetres (mm). In order to be able to understand if the CC was having influence on the productive efficiency of a pig breeding company, EGD measurements were made and previous measurements were consulted to evaluate the evolution of the CC of the animals, crossing that data with productive results. The study was conducted in Balhôa farm, where the pig breeding company TiAntónio is, with data being collected between the 28th of February and 23rd of May of 2019. There were made 6 900 measurements, most of them being made before the study. These measures were taken at weaning (EGDdesm), on the 30th (EGD30), 60th (EGD60) and around the 107th day of gestation (EGDmat), when the sows enter the maternities, with 2 517, 159, 2 081 and 2 143 measurements, respectively. Initially, a preliminary statistical analysis was made with SAS program as a way of getting the descriptive statistics and frequencies. Afterwards, Pearson’s correlation coefficients were estimated with the SAS program, an ANOVA analysis and Tukey tests with JMP program. Last of all, again with the SAS program, an analysis was made to the number of live born and weaned piglets, which included as fixed effects the year and the month of birth, and as linear covariables the weaned EGD, the EGD when they entered the maternity and the cycle of the sow. The average measurements were 15,58 mm of EGDdesm, 17,30 mm of EGD60 and 18,46 mm of EGDmat. The data from 2014-2018 were grouped (due to the resemblance of the results), with values of 15,4 mm of EGDdesm, 17,0 mm of EGD60 and 18,4 mm of EGDmat, that were compared with the data of 2019, with values of 16,5 mm of EGDdesm, 19,6 mm of EGD60 and 21,7 mm of EGDmat. It can be concluded with this study that the EGD did not influence the productivity of the farm. Although, when compared to the values referenced in the bibliography and to the previous years of the farm, the 2019’ sows presented an excessive CC, presenting similar productive results to the other years. So, it is possible that with the recommended values of CC, which they had, the same productive results could be obtained, saving feed for the animals and saving money from it at the same. Therefore, an individualized and most appropriate feeding management would bring benefits to the farmer. The normalization and working routine of CC evaluations and the creation of a database for that evaluation would be an asset to ensure the welfare of the animals throughout their productive life and increase the efficiency of the farm.
With the continuous increase in swine productivity, a bigger control of everything that influences the animal, starting with the environmental management until feeding and prophylactic management is essential to make a farm more productive. Body condition score (CC) of sows can be a good indicator of their physiological state because bad management of any kind influences the animal, not allowing it to reach its full potential. There are some different ways of evaluating CC of a sow, from subjective evaluations and classifications up to objective backfat thickness (EGD) measurements in millimetres (mm). In order to be able to understand if the CC was having influence on the productive efficiency of a pig breeding company, EGD measurements were made and previous measurements were consulted to evaluate the evolution of the CC of the animals, crossing that data with productive results. The study was conducted in Balhôa farm, where the pig breeding company TiAntónio is, with data being collected between the 28th of February and 23rd of May of 2019. There were made 6 900 measurements, most of them being made before the study. These measures were taken at weaning (EGDdesm), on the 30th (EGD30), 60th (EGD60) and around the 107th day of gestation (EGDmat), when the sows enter the maternities, with 2 517, 159, 2 081 and 2 143 measurements, respectively. Initially, a preliminary statistical analysis was made with SAS program as a way of getting the descriptive statistics and frequencies. Afterwards, Pearson’s correlation coefficients were estimated with the SAS program, an ANOVA analysis and Tukey tests with JMP program. Last of all, again with the SAS program, an analysis was made to the number of live born and weaned piglets, which included as fixed effects the year and the month of birth, and as linear covariables the weaned EGD, the EGD when they entered the maternity and the cycle of the sow. The average measurements were 15,58 mm of EGDdesm, 17,30 mm of EGD60 and 18,46 mm of EGDmat. The data from 2014-2018 were grouped (due to the resemblance of the results), with values of 15,4 mm of EGDdesm, 17,0 mm of EGD60 and 18,4 mm of EGDmat, that were compared with the data of 2019, with values of 16,5 mm of EGDdesm, 19,6 mm of EGD60 and 21,7 mm of EGDmat. It can be concluded with this study that the EGD did not influence the productivity of the farm. Although, when compared to the values referenced in the bibliography and to the previous years of the farm, the 2019’ sows presented an excessive CC, presenting similar productive results to the other years. So, it is possible that with the recommended values of CC, which they had, the same productive results could be obtained, saving feed for the animals and saving money from it at the same. Therefore, an individualized and most appropriate feeding management would bring benefits to the farmer. The normalization and working routine of CC evaluations and the creation of a database for that evaluation would be an asset to ensure the welfare of the animals throughout their productive life and increase the efficiency of the farm.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Zootécnica
Palavras-chave
Suínos , Espessura de gordura dorsal