A utilização de testes rápidos no diagnóstico de doenças infeciosas em clínica de animais de companhia
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2021-03-25
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Atualmente, na prática clínica veterinária, recorre-se muitas das vezes a testes rápidos (kits) para se realizar o diagnóstico de uma doença infeciosa, dada a sua rapidez e um custo relativamente baixo. Deste modo, nesta dissertação foi realizada uma análise de doenças diagnosticadas através de testes rápidos e sobre a eficácia dos mesmos. Durante o período de 29 de setembro de 2019 a 31 de janeiro de 2020, realizou-se um estágio curricular, no Hospital Veterinário de Gaia. O objetivo consistiu em analisar testes rápidos no diagnóstico de doenças infeciosas. Para este estudo foram estudados 44 animais de companhia, dos quais 16 (36,4%) eram cães e 28 (63,6%) eram gatos. Estes animais apresentaram-se com sinais clínicos de diferentes doenças (ou para efetuar o rastreio das mesmas). Destes animais 36 (81,8%) apresentavam-se com sinais clínicos e 8 (18,2%) não apresentaram qualquer sinal. Dos 28 gatos em estudo, 46,4% foram positivos ao teste rápido para FIV e 28,6% foram positivos ao teste para deteção de FeLV. Dos animais que não apresentavam sinais clínicos, 4 gatos foram positivos a FIV e 2 gatos foram positivos a FeLV. Tiveram resultados positivos a ambos os testes, 21,4% dos gatos e, 46,4% gatos foram negativos a ambos os testes. Dos 16 cães, 11 foram sujeitos ao Teste SNAP® Parvovirose, 27,3% tiveram resultado positivo e 72,7% tiveram resultado negativo. Os testes rápidos (kits) são cada vez mais utilizados na prática clínica. Embora tenha sido utilizada uma amostra de conveniência, os resultados desde trabalho contribuem para a fiabilidade da utilização de testes rápidos no diagnóstico de doenças infeciosas.
Abstract Currently, in veterinary clinical practice, rapid tests kits are often used to diagnose an infectious disease, given its speed and relatively low cost. Thus, in this dissertation, an analysis of diseases diagnosed through rapid tests and on their effectiveness was carried out. During the period from September 29th, 2019 to January 31st, 2020, a curricular internship took place at the Hospital Veterinário de Gaia. The objective was to analyse the use of rapid tests kits in the diagnosis of infectious diseases. For this study, 44 animals were analyzed, of which 16 (36.4%) were dogs and 28 (63.6%) were cats. These animals presented clinical signs of different diseases (or to screen for them). Of these animals, 36 (81.8%) presented with clinical signs and 8 (18.2%) did not show any signs. Of the 28 cats under study, 46.4% tested positive for the rapid test for FIV and 28.6% tested positive for FeLV. Of the animals that did not show clinical signs, 4 cats tested positive for FIV and 2 for FeLV. About 21.4% of cats analysed tested positive for both diseases while, 46.4% cats were negative for both tests. Of the 16 dogs, 11 were subjected to the SNAP® Parvovirus test, 27.3% tested positive while 72.7% tested negative. Rapid tests kits are increasingly used in clinical practice. Although a convenience sample was used, the results of this work contribute to the reliability of the use of rapid tests in the diagnosis of infectious diseases.
Abstract Currently, in veterinary clinical practice, rapid tests kits are often used to diagnose an infectious disease, given its speed and relatively low cost. Thus, in this dissertation, an analysis of diseases diagnosed through rapid tests and on their effectiveness was carried out. During the period from September 29th, 2019 to January 31st, 2020, a curricular internship took place at the Hospital Veterinário de Gaia. The objective was to analyse the use of rapid tests kits in the diagnosis of infectious diseases. For this study, 44 animals were analyzed, of which 16 (36.4%) were dogs and 28 (63.6%) were cats. These animals presented clinical signs of different diseases (or to screen for them). Of these animals, 36 (81.8%) presented with clinical signs and 8 (18.2%) did not show any signs. Of the 28 cats under study, 46.4% tested positive for the rapid test for FIV and 28.6% tested positive for FeLV. Of the animals that did not show clinical signs, 4 cats tested positive for FIV and 2 for FeLV. About 21.4% of cats analysed tested positive for both diseases while, 46.4% cats were negative for both tests. Of the 16 dogs, 11 were subjected to the SNAP® Parvovirus test, 27.3% tested positive while 72.7% tested negative. Rapid tests kits are increasingly used in clinical practice. Although a convenience sample was used, the results of this work contribute to the reliability of the use of rapid tests in the diagnosis of infectious diseases.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Palavras-chave
Doenças Infeciosas , Testes Rápidos