Cooperação descentralizada e intermunicipal: acordos de cooperação no distrito Vila Real como fator de desenvolvimento local
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2016-01-18
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A temática da cooperação aparece inicialmente ligada ao Estado, sendo que só mais
tarde – anos 90 – se iniciou o processo de descentralização. Começaram então a aparecer os
acordos e as relações entre os Municípios e/ou regiões de diferentes países (Costa, 2005).
Tal como Costa refere, “a cooperação intermunicipal - forma de cooperação
descentralizada - corresponde ao estabelecimento de relações entre duas ou mais
comunidades, tendo como principais atores os Municípios ou seus equivalentes, de acordo
com o sistema organizativo dos países, podendo assumir a forma de geminações,
protocolos, acordos de cooperação e redes. A tendência atual, num contexto de
globalização, aponta para o incentivo ao desenvolvimento de formas ou figuras inovadoras
de cooperação inter-regional, interurbana e transnacional de natureza reticular, colocando
em interação agentes económicos, instituições, autarquias, territórios, cidades e regiões,
localizados em diferentes espaços geográficos.
Paralelamente, estamos perante uma nova dimensão intercontinental dos
relacionamentos, assente em redes interterritoriais de cooperação e onde as autarquias
desempenham um papel relevante, muitas das vezes como motor desta nova tipologia de
relacionamentos.
A cooperação descentralizada, pela sua importância a nível local e mundial,
contempla diferentes formas de atuação, de estratégias, de formas contratuais… sendo
acompanhada por um amplo leque de fatores, entre os quais se destaca “… a participação
ativa dos diversos agentes em todas as fases do processo. “… A cooperação descentralizada
reflete uma nova orientação do papel do Estado, da participação, do protagonismo dos
beneficiários, e um maior apoio ao envolvimento da sociedade civil no desenvolvimento.
Tal determina que a Cooperação Descentralizada implique uma participação ativa dos
diversos agentes em todas as fases do processo e, entre outras considerações, a prioridade à
capacitação institucional no sentido de incentivar a autonomia e a sustentabilidade das
dinâmicas locais…” (MNE, 2006).
Nesse processo de ligação/participação entre os vários agentes, os Municípios
desempenham papel preponderante e fundamental, sendo neste sentido que se fala de cooperação intermunicipal. A cooperação intermunicipal corresponde a uma forma de
cooperação descentralizada na qual os municípios envolvidos assumem uma função de
participação ativa dos processos de desenvolvimento (Afonso, 1998).
Com base na proposta PROT-Norte foi efetuado um inquérito junto das autarquias
do Douro Norte. Esta investigação pretendeu aferir quais os acordos de cooperação
celebrados, bem como o tipo de relacionamento existente entre os municípios para, a partir
da informação obtida, selecionar um caso de estudo. A análise do caso selecionado
demonstrou que o/os acordo/s de cooperação têm potencial como fator de desenvolvimento local.
The theme of cooperation appears initially related to the State, and only later-90 years - began to be decentralized. They began to appear agreements and relations between the municipalities and / or regions in different countries. As mentioned by Costa "intermunicipal cooperation - form of decentralized cooperation - corresponds to the establishment of relationships between two or more communities, with the main actors municipalities or their equivalents, according to the organizational system of the country, can take the form of twinning , protocols, agreements of cooperation and networks. The current trend in the context of globalization (...), points to the incentive to develop innovative forms or figures of inter-regional, intercity and transnational nature of networking, putting in economic interaction, institutions, municipalities, territories, cities and regions located in different geographical areas. In parallel, we have a new dimension intercontinental network of relationships based on inter-territorial cooperation and where local authorities play an important role, often as an engine of this new type of relationships. Decentralized cooperation by their importance to local and global, includes various forms of action, strategies, forms of contract ... and was accompanied by a wide range of factors, among which stands out "... the active participation of various actors in all stages of the process . "... The decentralized cooperation reflects a new focus on the role of the state's participation, the role of beneficiaries, and further supports the involvement of civil society in development. This determines that the decentralized cooperation involves the active participation of various actors at all stages of the process and, among other considerations, the priority to capacity building in order to encourage autonomy and sustainability of local dynamics... (MNE 2006). In this connection / participation process between various actors, municipalities play a preponderant and fundamental role being in this sense that we talk about inter-municipal cooperation. The inter-municipal cooperation corresponds to a form of decentralized cooperation in which the municipalities involved assume a role of active participation in development processes (Afonso, 1998). Based on the North-PROT proposal it was carried out a survey in municipalities from North Douro. This research aimed to assess what the twinning agreements concluded and the type of relationship existing between the municipalities and from the information obtained, select a case study. The analysis of the selected case demonstrated that the cooperation agreements have the potential as a factor of local development.
The theme of cooperation appears initially related to the State, and only later-90 years - began to be decentralized. They began to appear agreements and relations between the municipalities and / or regions in different countries. As mentioned by Costa "intermunicipal cooperation - form of decentralized cooperation - corresponds to the establishment of relationships between two or more communities, with the main actors municipalities or their equivalents, according to the organizational system of the country, can take the form of twinning , protocols, agreements of cooperation and networks. The current trend in the context of globalization (...), points to the incentive to develop innovative forms or figures of inter-regional, intercity and transnational nature of networking, putting in economic interaction, institutions, municipalities, territories, cities and regions located in different geographical areas. In parallel, we have a new dimension intercontinental network of relationships based on inter-territorial cooperation and where local authorities play an important role, often as an engine of this new type of relationships. Decentralized cooperation by their importance to local and global, includes various forms of action, strategies, forms of contract ... and was accompanied by a wide range of factors, among which stands out "... the active participation of various actors in all stages of the process . "... The decentralized cooperation reflects a new focus on the role of the state's participation, the role of beneficiaries, and further supports the involvement of civil society in development. This determines that the decentralized cooperation involves the active participation of various actors at all stages of the process and, among other considerations, the priority to capacity building in order to encourage autonomy and sustainability of local dynamics... (MNE 2006). In this connection / participation process between various actors, municipalities play a preponderant and fundamental role being in this sense that we talk about inter-municipal cooperation. The inter-municipal cooperation corresponds to a form of decentralized cooperation in which the municipalities involved assume a role of active participation in development processes (Afonso, 1998). Based on the North-PROT proposal it was carried out a survey in municipalities from North Douro. This research aimed to assess what the twinning agreements concluded and the type of relationship existing between the municipalities and from the information obtained, select a case study. The analysis of the selected case demonstrated that the cooperation agreements have the potential as a factor of local development.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Gestão Pública
Palavras-chave
Cooperação , Distrito de Vila Real (Portugal) , Saurimo (Luanda Sul, Angola) , Acordos de cooperação , Desenvolvimento local , Gestão pública